arXiv:2605.15524cs.LGcs.AI2026-05

提出可学习的点云几何特征神经点形式,捕捉高阶切线信息。

Neural Point-Forms

论文配图:Neural Point-Forms
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 基于扩散几何构建点云上微分形式的内积比较
  • 输出为可学习的形变对比矩阵,具排列不变性
  • 适合关注采样密度与流形结构的任务

点云学习通常假设观测样本是高维特征空间中嵌入流形的噪声轨迹。然而,仅靠坐标、成对距离或学习得到的图邻域难以完整捕捉此类几何结构。在光滑情形下,微分形式用于编码高阶切线信息。本文提出一类新的可学习几何特征——神经点形式(NPFs)。由于缺乏自然的切线结构,我们采用扩散几何中的拉普拉斯技术,在离散点云上通过内积比较微分形式。在连续情形下,共享环境特征空间中的子流形由对比矩阵表示,其元素描述特征形式与外在切线信息的相互作用。我们证明了在标准采样、带宽、密度及流形假设下,对比矩阵具有长期一致性。由此得到一个紧凑、高效且排列不变的神经层,输出为学习后的形式对比矩阵。在合成数据和生物相关实验中,NPFs展现出竞争力强且可解释的表示能力,尤其在标签依赖于采样密度、流形结构或响应相关群体几何时优势显著。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Point cloud learning often rests on the premise that observed samples are noisy traces of an underlying geometric object, such as a manifold embedded in a high-dimensional feature space. Yet much of this geometry is not captured directly by coordinates, pairwise distances, or learned graph neighborhoods alone. In the smooth setting, differential forms are devices to encode higher order tangency information. In this work, we introduce a new family of principled learnable geometric features for point clouds called neural point-forms (NPFs). In the absence of a natural tangency structure, we instead use Laplacian-based techniques from Diffusion Geometry to build a discrete model for comparing differential forms on point clouds via inner products. In the continuum, submanifolds of a shared ambient feature space are represented as comparison matrices, whose entries describe how pairs of feature forms interact with extrinsic tangency information. We make this intuition precise by proving the long-run consistency of comparison matrices under standard sampling, bandwidth, density, and manifold-hypothesis assumptions. This yields a compact, efficient and permutation-invariant neural layer whose output is a learned form-comparison matrix. Across synthetic and biologically relevant experiments, we show that NPFs provide a competitive, and interpretable representation, with the strongest benefits appearing when labels depend on sampling density, manifold-like structure, or response-relevant population geometry.

点云学习几何深度学习微分形式神经网络

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