arXiv:2605.15536cs.ROcs.AI2026-05

让机器人在简单动作时跳步、关键操作时精细控制,提升效率

SkiP: When to Skip and When to Refine for Efficient Robot Manipulation

论文配图:SkiP: When to Skip and When to Refine for Efficient Robot Manipulation
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 通过重标定动作,让模型跳过冗余步骤,只在关键点精细预测
  • 实测减少15%~40%执行步数,成功率不降反升
  • 无需额外训练跳步策略,适合各类机器人操控任务

以往模仿学习策略在每个控制步骤都预测动作,无论处于平稳运动还是高精度接触操作阶段。这种统一处理方式效率低下:大多数轨迹步骤处于自由空间且信息量少,而仅少数关键步骤(如接触、抓取、对齐)需要高精度预测。本文提出一种新的动作重标定机制:在跳步段的每一步,用下一关键段入口的动作替代行为克隆目标,使策略能一次性跳过冗余步骤。由此形成的跳步策略(SkiP)在单一网络中动态跳过冗余段并密集优化关键段,无需学习跳步规划器或分层结构。为自动划分演示数据中的关键段与跳步段,提出无任务依赖的快速方法——运动谱关键检测(MSK),通过动作信号识别局部运动复杂度。在72个仿真任务和3个真实机器人任务上实验表明,SkiP将执行步数减少15%~40%,同时保持或提升成功率,适用于多种策略主干。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Previous imitation learning policies predict future actions at every control step, whether in smooth motion phases or precise, contact-rich operation phases. This uniform treatment is wasteful: most steps in a manipulation trajectory traverse free space and carry little task-relevant information, while a small fraction of \emph{key} steps around contacts, grasps, and alignment demand dense, high-resolution prediction. We propose a novel \emph{action relabeling} mechanism: at each timestep in a skip segment, we replace the behavior cloning target with the action at the entrance of the next key segment, enabling the policy to leap over redundant steps in a single decision. The resulting \textbf{Skip Policy (SkiP)} dynamically leaps over skip segments and intensively refines actions in key segments, within a single unified network requiring no learned skip planner or hierarchical structure. To automatically partition demonstrations into key and skip segments without manual annotation, we introduce \emph{Motion Spectrum Keying} (MSK), a fast, task-agnostic procedure that detects local motion complexity from action signals. Extensive experiments across 72 simulated manipulation tasks and three real-robot tasks show that SkiP reduces executed steps by $15$--$40\%$ while matching or improving success rates across various policy backbones. Project page: \texttt{https://pgq18.github.io/SkiP-page/}.

机器人操控模仿学习高效推理动作跳步

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