arXiv:2605.15768cs.AIcs.CY2026-05中稿 · ICML

让聊天机器人实时调整策略,应对不断变化的对话对手。

ALSO: Adversarial Online Strategy Optimization for Social Agents

论文配图:ALSO: Adversarial Online Strategy Optimization for Social Agents
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 把对话策略优化看作对抗性老虎机问题,动态调整策略。
  • 用轻量神经网络预测反馈,实现高效探索与持续适应。
  • 适合构建能实时应变的社交智能体,尤其在动态环境中。

社会模拟为研究社交智能提供了有力的实验平台,其中智能体在不断演变的情境下通过多轮对话交互,并面对策略性变化的对手。这类环境本质上是非平稳的,要求智能体能够随时间动态调整策略。然而,大多数基于大语言模型的社会智能体依赖静态人格设定,而现有提升社交智能的方法(如离线强化学习或外部规划器)通常假设环境平稳,且训练开销巨大,不适用于此类场景。为此,我们提出 extbf{ALSO}(Adversarial Online Strategy Optimization),首个面向多智能体社会模拟的在线策略优化框架。ALSO通过两大贡献推进社交适应能力:(1) 将多轮交互建模为对抗性老虎机问题,将静态人格与动态策略指令的组合视为“臂”,在不依赖环境稳定假设的前提下提供原则性解决方案;(2) 引入轻量级神经代理模型,从交互历史中预测奖励,以实现稀疏反馈下的泛化与样本高效探索,支持持续在线适应。在Sotopia基准上的实验表明,ALSO在动态环境中始终优于静态基线和现有优化方法,验证了对抗性在线策略优化在构建鲁棒社交智能体方面的有效性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Social simulation provides a compelling testbed for studying social intelligence, where agents interact through multi-turn dialogues under evolving contexts and strategically adapting opponents. Such environments are inherently non-stationary, requiring agents to dynamically adjust their strategies over time. However, most Large Language Model (LLM) based social agents rely on static personas, while existing approaches for enhancing social intelligence, such as offline reinforcement learning or external planners, are ill-suited to these settings, typically assuming stationarity and incurring substantial training overhead. To bridge this gap, we propose \textbf{ALSO} (\textbf{A}dversarial on\textbf{L}ine \textbf{S}trategy \textbf{O}ptimization), the first framework for online strategy optimization in multi-agent social simulation. ALSO advances social adaptation through two key contributions. (1) ALSO formulates multi-turn interaction as an adversarial bandit problem, where combinations of static personas and dynamic strategy instructions are treated as arms, providing a principled solution to non-stationarity without relying on environmental stability assumptions. (2) To predict rewards and generalize sparse feedback in multi-turn dialogues, ALSO introduces a lightweight neural surrogate to predict rewards from interaction histories, enabling sample-efficient exploration and continuous online adaptation. Experiments on the Sotopia benchmark demonstrate that ALSO consistently outperforms static baselines and existing optimization methods in dynamic environments, validating the effectiveness of adversarial online strategy optimization for building robust social agents.

社交智能在线优化多智能体策略适应

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