arXiv:2605.16035cs.CRcs.AI2026-05

给AI代理植入追踪标记,能追查到部署者账号。

Who Owns This Agent? Tracing AI Agents Back to Their Owners

论文配图:Who Owns This Agent? Tracing AI Agents Back to Their Owners
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用隐蔽标记注入代理交互流,由服务商在日志中定位源头会话。
  • 非对抗场景下简单标记即可生效,对抗时标记不可删且不影响任务性能。
  • 适合平台方部署,用于追责恶意或误配置的AI代理行为。

AI代理日益自主地在现实中运行,但目前尚无可靠方法将造成危害的代理追溯至其部署账户。这导致了从善意误操作到恶意攻击的全谱问责空白:前者可能因配置错误造成伤害,后者可利用代理实施诈骗、骚扰或网络攻击。许多代理依赖供应商托管模型,即使国家层面的对手也难摆脱此依赖。受影响方虽可观察行为,却无法通知责任人、终止会话或识别账户。本文首次正式提出“代理归属”问题:将观察到的代理交互与对应的供应商账户关联。我们提出基于信标(canary)的协议:授权方将信标注入代理交互流,供应商在有限会话日志窗口内检索原始会话与账户。非对抗场景下简单信标即有效;面对过滤或改写内容的对抗者,我们设计出难以消除且会损害代理任务表现的鲁棒信标,形成防御者优势。我们在真实代理及多种场景下评估,结果表明该方法在供应商侧部署时具有可靠性、鲁棒性与可扩展性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

AI agents are increasingly deployed to act autonomously in the world, yet there is still no reliable way to trace a harmful agent back to the account that deployed it. This creates the same accountability gap across both ends of the intent spectrum: benign operators may deploy misconfigured or overbroad agents that cause harm unintentionally, while malicious operators may deliberately weaponize agents for scams, harassment, or cyber attacks. In many cases, these agents are powered by vendor-hosted models, a dependency that holds even for sophisticated adversaries such as state actors conducting cyber operations. In either case, affected parties can observe the behavior but cannot notify the responsible operator, stop the session, or identify the account for investigation. We formalize this gap as the problem of agent attribution: linking an observed agent interaction to the responsible account at the hosting vendor. To our knowledge, this is the first work to define the problem and present a practical solution. Our protocol is canary-based: an authorized party injects a canary into the agent's interaction stream, and the vendor searches a narrow window of session logs to recover the originating session and account. Simple canaries suffice in non-adversarial settings. For adversarial operators who filter or paraphrase incoming content, we develop robust canary constructions that cannot be suppressed without degrading the agent's own task performance, yielding a formal asymmetry in the defender's favor. We evaluate a variety of scenarios including real-world agents and show that our attribution method is reliable, robust, and scalable for vendor-side deployment.

AI安全溯源追踪代理监控

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