AI正让科研人员从创造者转为把关人，引发学术所有权危机。
Are Researchers Being Replaced by Artificial Intelligence?
- AI生成假说、论文与评审，科研角色从创造转向筛选。
- 1600名科学家调查显示担忧与期待并存，但责任未变。
- 核心风险是人类失去对科学本质的理解，而非AI无法做研究。
2023年《自然》杂志的一项针对1600名科研人员的调查显示，科学家们对人工智能工具在研究中日益广泛的应用既感到担忧，又充满期待。这一矛盾情绪构成了本文的核心问题：研究人员是否正在被人工智能取代？我们主张，这种取代并非消失，而是从‘研究者作为创造者’转变为‘研究者作为把关者’。随着AI代理越来越多地生成假设、论文和评审意见，人类虽仍承担责任，却可能失去对知识的真正掌控权。本文探讨了人工智能如何重塑科研生命周期，并揭示了更深层的危险：不是人工智能无法进行科学研究，而是人类可能逐渐不再真正理解科学本身。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
A Nature survey from 2023 involving 1,600 researchers shows that scientists are ``concerned, as well as excited, by the increasing use of artificial-intelligence tools in research.'' This tension frames our central question: Are researchers being replaced by artificial intelligence? We argue that replacement is already underway-not as disappearance, but as a shift from researcher-as-creator to researcher-as-curator. As AI agents increasingly generate hypotheses, papers, and reviews, humans risk retaining responsibility while losing intellectual ownership. This article examines how AI is reshaping the scientific lifecycle and exposes the deeper danger: not that AI will fail to do science, but that humans may stop truly understanding it.
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