arXiv:2605.16321cs.LG2026-05被引 1

让非人类系统用自己的方式对话,通过游戏机制赋予其行为意义。

Language Game: Talking to Non-Human Systems

论文配图:Language Game: Talking to Non-Human Systems
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 将系统动态设为强化学习的非线性核心,仅训练输入输出接口。
  • 不同系统在相同游戏中趋同行为,证明其可被统一语义解读。
  • 无需修改参数即可实现跨系统流畅对话,适合生物网络与智能体研究者。

语言承载人类间的思维与协作,却极少延伸至多元智能领域。然而,从基因调控网络、微生物群落到真菌等非神经系统的计算、决策与记忆能力正日益受到关注,使与非人类智能对话成为可能。当前的对话仅通过大语言模型代理实现,系统本身仍沉默不语。本文提出让系统以自身声音说话:遵循维特根斯坦关于意义源于使用的观点,将通信视为与系统进行的游戏。系统内部动态被冻结为强化学习策略的非线性核心,仅训练线性输入输出接口。通过使用与奖励,系统状态与响应在游戏内获得意义,使“游戏”即“言说”。因不同架构在相同游戏中优化同一奖励,其行为均可解读为对奖励的追求,游戏因此成为跨不可通约表示的通用语言。给定人类提示后,语言模型将其路由至语义最匹配的游戏,并设计环境状态使期望动作成为理性回应,使系统通过自身行为作出回答。该框架在多种基因调控网络与强化学习任务中成功实现无参数修改的流畅对话,揭示了不同来源的智能体趋向相似行为,且特定GRN特性决定了系统是否易沟通——这体现了储层自身的归纳偏置。该框架为以系统自身语言对话任何动力系统开辟新路径。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Language carries thought and coordination among humans but rarely reaches further along the spectrum of diverse intelligence. Yet non-neural systems -- from gene regulatory networks and microbial consortia to fungi -- are increasingly recognized as substrates of computation, decision-making and memory, making dialogue with non-human intelligence newly conceivable. Today such dialogue is attempted only by proxy: a large language model speaks on the system's behalf, so any intelligence on display originates from the model while the system itself remains silent. Here we ask whether the system can speak in its own voice. Following Wittgenstein, who located meaning in use, we treat communication as a game played with the system. Its internal dynamics are frozen as the nonlinear core of a reinforcement-learning policy, with only linear input and output interfaces trained. Through use and reward, the system's states and responses acquire meaning within the game, so playing becomes speaking. Because different architectures playing the same game optimize the same reward, their behaviors can all be read as pursuit of that reward; the game serves as a lingua franca across otherwise irreconcilable representations. Given a human prompt, a language model routes it to the game whose semantics best match it and designs an environmental state for which the desired action is the rational response, letting the system reply through its own behavior. Applied across diverse gene regulatory networks and reinforcement-learning tasks, the framework yields fluent dialogue without altering any system parameter, shows that well-trained agents of disparate origin converge on similar behavior, and reveals that specific GRN properties make a system easier or harder to talk with -- an inductive bias of the reservoir itself. Our framework opens a new route to conversing with any dynamical system on its own terms.

非人类智能强化学习基因调控网络对话系统

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