arXiv:2605.16442cs.ROcs.AI2026-05

考虑海流风浪的船舶长时轨迹预测,精度比现有方法提升25%。

Hierarchical Two-Stage Framework for Environment-Aware Long-Horizon Vessel Trajectory Prediction

论文配图:Hierarchical Two-Stage Framework for Environment-Aware Long-Horizon Vessel Trajectory Prediction
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 分两阶段融合长期意图与短期局部动态,用图注意力捕捉海区变化。
  • 在3小时输入、10小时预测下,平均位移误差降低25%,终点误差降17%。
  • 适合航运管理、避碰系统等需要高精度长时轨迹的场景。

在真实海洋环境下进行长时船舶轨迹预测对防碰撞、交通管理和航线规划至关重要。然而,由于存在长程时间依赖性及海流、风、浪等动态环境因素,准确预测极具挑战。为此,我们提出一种分层两阶段框架,通过分层融合机制结合粗粒度长期预测器与网格感知短时预测器。短时分支在离散海区网格上使用时空图变压器捕捉局部动态,长时分支编码整体航行意图。集成环境模块利用交叉模态注意力和特征调制,融合表层海流、风矢量和波高数据,实现对不同海况的自适应响应。此外,可学习的Savitzky-Golay平滑层增强了融合轨迹的时间一致性。我们在澳大利亚西北部的船只追踪系统(CTS)数据上评估,该数据与哥白尼海洋服务产品对齐,采用3小时输入、10小时预测视野。实验结果表明,本框架在平均位移误差(ADE)上优于最先进方法25%,在终点位移误差(FDE)上提升17%。消融实验证实了各组件的有效性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Long-horizon vessel trajectory forecasting under real ocean conditions is critical for collision avoidance, traffic management, and route planning. However, achieving accurate predictions is challenging due to long-range temporal dependencies and dynamic environmental factors such as currents, wind, and waves. To address these issues, we propose a hierarchical two-stage framework that combines a coarse long-term predictor with a grid-aware short-term predictor through a hierarchical fusion mechanism. The short-term branch leverages a Spatio-Temporal Graph Transformer on discretized maritime cells to capture localized dynamics, while the long-term branch encodes overarching navigational intent. An integrated environmental module incorporates oceanographic parameters, including surface currents, wind vectors, and significant wave height, using cross-modal attention and feature-wise modulation for adaptive response to varying sea conditions. Additionally, a learnable Savitzky-Golay smoothing layer enhances temporal coherence in fused trajectories. We evaluate our approach on Australian Craft Tracking System (CTS) data from the North West region, aligned with Copernicus Marine Service products, using a 3-hour input and a 10-hour prediction horizon. Experimental results show that our framework outperforms the state-of-the-art by 25% in Average Displacement Error (ADE) and 17% in Final Displacement Error (FDE). Ablation studies further validate the contribution of each component.

轨迹预测船舶航行环境建模图神经网络

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