P2GS让3D高斯点云在真实驾驶场景中保持光照一致,提升仿真真实性。
P2GS: Physical Prior-guided Gaussian Splatting for Photometrically Consistent Urban Reconstruction

- 基于物理成像模型,从低动态范围图像中联合解耦辐射场与曝光参数。
- 在真实和模拟驾驶数据上实现更高光照一致性,且无需高动态范围标注。
- 适合自动驾驶仿真、感知系统训练,尤其关注光照鲁棒性的研究者。
3D高斯点云(3DGS)作为一种高效的显式三维表示方法,可实现快速高保真渲染,是自动驾驶闭环仿真器与感知模型的有力基础。然而,传统3DGS隐含假设各视角间曝光与色调映射一致,而真实驾驶数据因相机管线异构及动态户外光照,导致曝光差异与传感器噪声被固化进辐射场,尤其在静态背景中产生伪影与光照不一致问题。该问题在自动驾驶中尤为突出:稀疏视角、多变曝光与户外光照相互作用,而现有工作主要聚焦动态物体重建,忽视跨视角光度一致性。为此,本文提出P2GS——一种物理先验引导的高斯点云框架,仅从低动态范围(LDR)图像中联合分解视图无关的线性高动态范围(HDR)辐射场、每视角曝光尺度与色调映射函数,无需HDR监督。P2GS采用基于物理成像过程的统一优化策略,强制相对曝光一致性与HDR域辐射场正则化,获得对跨相机光照差异鲁棒的辐射场,同时保持标准3DGS的实时效率。在真实与模拟驾驶环境中的实验表明,P2GS在LDR重建上达到或超越先前方法,并显著提升光度一致性、可靠的曝光归一化与物理一致的光照表现。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has recently emerged as a powerful explicit representation enabling fast, high-fidelity rendering, making it a promising foundation for closed-loop simulators and perception models in autonomous driving. However, conventional 3DGS implicitly assumes consistent exposure and tone mapping across views. Real driving data violates this assumption due to heterogeneous camera pipelines and dynamic outdoor illumination, baking exposure discrepancies and sensor noise into the radiance field and producing artifacts and inconsistent illumination especially in static backgrounds crucial for realistic simulation. These issues are amplified in autonomous driving, where sparse viewpoints, varying exposures, and outdoor lighting interact, while prior work mainly targets dynamic-object reconstruction and overlooks cross-view photometric consistency. To address this limitation, we introduce P2GS, a physically consistent Gaussian Splatting framework that jointly decomposes a view-invariant linear HDR radiance field, per-view exposure scales, and tone-mapping functions from only LDR images without HDR supervision. P2GS employs a unified optimization strategy grounded in the physical image-formation process, enforcing relative-exposure consistency and HDR-domain radiance regularization. This yields a radiance field robust to inter-camera illumination differences while preserving the real-time efficiency of standard 3DGS. Experiments across real and simulated driving environments show that P2GS matches or surpasses prior methods in LDR reconstruction while providing substantially improved photometric consistency, reliable exposure normalization, and physically coherent illumination across diverse scenes.
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