arXiv:2605.16989cs.LG2026-05

针对连续治疗选择,提出聚焦决策关键区域的加权学习方法。

Decision-Aware Proximal Bridge Learning for Optimal Treatment Selection

论文配图:Decision-Aware Proximal Bridge Learning for Optimal Treatment Selection
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 设计加权桥损失函数,重点优化影响决策的治疗区域。
  • 理论证明该方法能控制治疗选择的后悔值,且在多个桥接求解器上有效降低后悔。
  • 适合需要精准个性化治疗决策的医疗场景,尤其有隐藏混杂因素时。

个体化治疗选择中,连续治疗动作需要在决策相关区域准确估计因果响应,而非在整个动作空间均匀估计。传统方法先全局估计因果响应面再选最优治疗,可能次优,因标准估计目标依据观测治疗分布分配建模资源,而非决定最优决策的区域。尽管在无混杂设定下已有决策感知方法研究,但此类问题在存在隐藏混杂时仍缺乏探索。近来进展多集中于处理效应和潜在结果估计,而非治疗选择与最优决策。为此,本文提出一种政策导向的加权桥损失,强调决策相关治疗区域,同时保持全局稳定性。我们证明了该加权桥损失通过加权病态常数控制治疗选择后悔值。在多个近似桥求解器中实例化该框架,得到实用算法,可交替执行加权桥估计、响应面投影、策略更新和权重精炼。实验表明,决策感知加权在多个桥求解器上均降低了后悔值,表明在近似设置中提升了治疗选择效果。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Individualized treatment selection with continuous actions requires accurate causal response estimation in decision-relevant regions, rather than uniformly over the entire action space. Estimating a global causal response surface and then choosing the treatment that maximizes it can therefore be suboptimal, since standard estimation objectives allocate modeling effort according to the observed treatment distribution rather than the regions that determine the optimal decision. While decision-aware approaches have been studied in unconfounded settings, this problem remains underexplored in proximal causal inference, where proxy variables and bridge functions enable identification under suitable assumptions even in the presence of hidden confounding. Despite recent progress, proximal methods have primarily focused on treatment-effect and potential-outcome estimation rather than treatment selection and optimal decision-making. To bridge this gap, we introduce a policy-targeted weighted bridge loss that emphasizes decision-relevant treatment regions while retaining global stabilization. We prove a regret bound showing that the proposed weighted bridge loss controls treatment-selection regret through a weighted ill-posedness constant. We instantiate the framework in decision-aware variants of several proximal bridge solvers, yielding practical algorithms that alternate between weighted bridge estimation, response-surface projection, policy update, and weight refinement. Empirically, we find that decision-aware weighting reduces regret across several bridge solvers, suggesting improved treatment selection in proximal settings.

因果推断治疗选择近似推断

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