arXiv:2605.17093cs.CVcs.CL2026-05

用密度加权对齐提升视觉语言模型蒸馏效果,解决文本识别性能下降问题。

HEED: Density-Weighted Residual Alignment for Hybrid Vision-Language Model Distillation

论文配图:HEED: Density-Weighted Residual Alignment for Hybrid Vision-Language Model Distillation
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 以补丁自相似性为代理,对残差项进行密度加权对齐,优先保护关键信息区域。
  • 在OCR-Bench v2上性能提升8.7分,10项基准平均提升5.13分,显著改善细粒度文本理解。
  • 无需额外参数或推理成本,可在4.12倍吞吐下实现教师模型水平表现,适合部署优化场景。

将视觉语言模型蒸馏至更快的混合架构(如3:1 Mamba-2/注意力混合)已成为提升推理效率的常规做法。尽管综合基准测试显示效果良好,但掩盖了特定任务上的失败。将Qwen3-VL-8B-Instruct蒸馏至3:1混合结构时,学生模型在MMStar、MMBench和MMMU-Pro等视觉推理任务上仅落后2分,但在光学字符识别与文档任务上却下降13分,表现出对细粒度文本理解能力的丧失。我们发现该问题主要源于高分辨率图像中局部信息密集区域的训练不均:在最高10%密度补丁中,残差漂移比最低10%大3.6倍,教师掩码答案贡献大3.5倍;而均匀加权使大量损失分配给低信息背景补丁,稀疏的高价值补丁未获保护。为此提出HEED——通过补丁自相似性作为无训练代理,替换原有均匀残差对齐,实现密度加权。相较于标准端到端蒸馏,HEED在OCR-Bench v2上提升8.7分,在10项基准平均上提升5.13分。该增益在不同教师模型与混合架构中均成立。经标准后训练,学生模型在128k上下文下达到教师级性能,吞吐提升4.12倍,内存节省68%,无额外参数与推理开销。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Distilling vision-language models into faster hybrid architectures, such as 3:1 Mamba-2/attention mixes, is now standard practice for making inference efficient. Aggregate benchmarks suggest that this works but they hide selective failures. When we distill Qwen3-VL-8B-Instruct into a 3:1 Mamba-2/attention hybrid, student model stays within 2 points of the teacher across visual reasoning benchmarks like MMStar, MMBench, and MMMU-Pro, while dropping 13 points on optical-character-recognition and document tasks. The student can still understand the scene but loses the fine-grained text needed to answer. We localize much of the failure to a specific kind of position. In a high-resolution image, most patches are sky, wall, or smooth texture, while a small fraction carries text, edges, object boundaries, or other local details. In a token-level diagnostic, the top 10% highest-density patches have 3.6$\times$ larger residual drift than the bottom 10% lowest-density patches and 3.5$\times$ larger teacher-masking answer contribution. Uniform weighting devotes many loss terms to low-information background patches, whereas sparse answer-bearing patches receive no special protection. The required intervention is minimal: we replace uniform residual alignment with density-weighted residual alignment, using patch self-dissimilarity as a training-free proxy for position importance. We call this HEED. Compared with normal end-to-end distillation, HEED increases performance by 8.7 points on OCRBench v2 and 5.13 points on a 10-benchmark average. The gain is realized on different teacher models and hybrid architectures. After standard post-training, the student reaches teacher-level performance on the 10-benchmark average with a 4.12$\times$ throughput and a 68% memory saving at 128k context, with no additional parameters and no inference-time cost.

模型蒸馏视觉语言MambaOCR优化

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