arXiv:2605.17537cs.AI2026-05被引 1

提出分层视觉推理模型ResDreamer,提升强化学习在复杂环境中的高效决策能力。

Self-supervised Hierarchical Visual Reasoning with World Model

论文配图:Self-supervised Hierarchical Visual Reasoning with World Model
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 分层设计:上层重建下层残差,实现逐步抽象的世界动态建模
  • 自监督训练下达成最优采样效率与参数效率,优于现有方法
  • 适合构建可扩展的在线强化学习智能体,尤其适用于开放世界场景

3D开放世界环境中存在对抗性对手,其庞大的状态空间仍是强化学习的核心挑战。有效的推理表示至关重要。现有自监督视觉前瞻推理方法常因多步误差累积而表现不佳,许多近期研究则依赖领域知识以获得更稳定的引导。本文核心洞察是:视觉推理表示的逼真度并非关键,真正重要的是提供任务相关的有效信号。为此,提出ResDreamer——一种分层世界模型,其中每一高层通过重建底层残差进行训练。该设计促进对更复杂世界动态的逐级抽象,并催生更丰富的潜在表示。受“苦教训”启发,ResDreamer完全采用自监督方式训练推理表示。高层残差表示用于调节低层预测,使世界模型仅需线性增长的跨层通信成本即可有效扩展。实验表明,ResDreamer在样本效率和参数效率上均达到当前最佳水平。这一可扩展的分层视觉前瞻推理架构为开放、动态环境中更强大的在线强化学习智能体铺平了道路。代码已开源:https://github.com/XuYuanFei01/ResDreamer。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

3D open-world environments with adversarial opponents remain a core challenge for reinforcement learning due to their vast state spaces. Effective reasoning representations are essential in such settings. While existing self-supervised visual foresight reasoning approaches often suffer from multi-step error accumulation, many recent studies resort to injecting domain-specific knowledge for more stable guidance. Our key insight is that the photorealistic fidelity of visual reasoning representations is secondary; what truly matters is providing informative, task-relevant signals. To this end, we propose ResDreamer, a hierarchical world model in which each higher-level layer is trained to reconstruct the residuals of the layer below. This design enables progressive abstraction of increasingly sophisticated world dynamics and fosters the emergence of richer latent representations. Drawing inspiration from the "Bitter Lesson", ResDreamer trains its reasoning representations in a purely self-supervised manner. The higher-level residual representations are used to modulate lower-level predictions, allowing the world model to scale effectively with only linearly increasing cross-layer communication costs. Experiments show that ResDreamer achieves state-of-the-art sample efficiency and parameter efficiency. This scalable hierarchical visual foresight reasoning architecture paves the way for more capable online RL agents in open-ended, dynamic environments. The code is accessible at https://github.com/XuYuanFei01/ResDreamer.

强化学习世界模型分层建模自监督

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