用文本提示实现精准视频物体理解,无需手动标注框点。
See What I Mean: Aligning Vision and Language Representations for Video Fine-grained Object Understanding

- 训练时用掩码引导跨模态注意力,推理时仅靠文本自动定位目标。
- 在多个基准上超越依赖视觉提示的方法,显著提升图文对齐精度。
- 适合需要零样本定位、追求高精度语义理解的研究者。
我们提出SWIM(See What I Mean),一种新颖的训练策略,通过对齐视觉与语言表征,仅凭文本提示即可实现细粒度物体理解。不同于依赖显式视觉提示(如掩码或点)的方法,SWIM仅在训练阶段使用掩码来指导跨模态注意力,使模型在推理时能自动关注用户指定的物体。对预训练多模态大语言模型(MLLMs)的交叉注意力分析发现:属性词在视觉模态中引发局部集中激活,而物体名词则产生弥散分布的响应,源于语义参照偏差与高层语义表示的分散性。为解决这一错位问题,我们构建了NL-Refer数据集,其中每个物体掩码均配以精确的自然语言指代表达。SWIM从物体名词中提取多层交叉注意力图,并强制其与真实掩码保持空间一致性。实验表明,SWIM显著改善了图文对齐效果,在细粒度物体理解基准上优于基于视觉提示的方法。代码与数据已开源。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
We present SWIM (See What I Mean), a novel training strategy that aligns vision and language representations to enable fine-grained object understanding solely from textual prompts. Unlike existing approaches that require explicit visual prompts, such as masks or points, SWIM leverages mask supervision only during training to guide cross-modal attention, allowing the model to automatically attend to the user-specified object at inference. Our cross-attention analysis of pretrained multimodal large languagemodels (MLLMs) reveals a systematic discrepancy: Attribute words produce sharp, localized activations in the visual modality, whereas object nouns yield diffuse and scattered patterns due to semantic reference bias and distributed high-level representations. To address this misalignment, we construct NL-Refer, an enriched dataset, in which each object mask is paired with a precise natural language referring expression. SWIM extracts multi-layer cross-attention maps from object nouns and enforces spatial consistency with ground-truth masks. Experimental results demonstrate that SWIM substantially improves text-visual alignment and achieves superior performance over visual-prompt-based methods on fine-grained object understanding benchmarks. The code and data are available at \href{https://github.com/HumanMLLM/SWIM}{https://github.com/HumanMLLM/SWIM}.
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