arXiv:2605.18472stat.MLcs.AI2026-05被引 1

给生成模型加自信度评分,不增加计算量就能提升结果可信度。

Flowing with Confidence

论文配图:Flowing with Confidence
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 通过在特定层注入可变噪声,闭式传播方差获得每样本置信度。
  • 置信度高时图像更真实,晶体更稳定,且能定位生成中的关键决策点。
  • 适合需要高可靠生成结果的科研与工业应用,如材料设计、图像编辑。

生成模型产生的文本、图像或材料可能不合理,而人工或仿真难以及时审查;缺乏逐样本置信度导致信任流失。现有方法需运行k个集成模型或随机轨迹,计算量为k倍,仅测量模型间差异而非模型自身信心。本文提出流匹配置信度(FMwC):在选定层注入输入相关的乘性噪声,以闭式方式传播其方差,并沿常微分方程(ODE)轨迹积分,实现标准采样成本下的每样本置信度评分。该评分支持多种用途:过滤可提升图像质量与晶体热力学稳定性;编辑可回溯轨迹至模型做出决定的时刻并重新引导;自适应步长可在流模糊处集中计算资源。我们发现置信度与学习速度场发散幅度相关,为理解生成过程提供窗口,支持精准引导、新采样算法及生成模型可解释性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Generative models can produce nonsensical text, unrealistic images, and unstable materials faster than simulation or human review can absorb; without per-sample confidence, trust erodes. Existing fixes run $k$ ensembles or stochastic trajectories at $k\times$ compute, measuring variability between models, not model confidence. We propose Flow Matching with Confidence (FMwC). FMwC injects input-dependent multiplicative noise at selected layers, propagates its variance through the network in closed form, and integrates it along the ODE trajectory, yielding a per-sample confidence score at standard sampling cost. The score supports multiple uses: filtering improves image quality and thermodynamic stability of crystals; editing rewinds trajectories to the points where the model commits and redirects them; and adaptive stepping concentrates ODE compute where the flow is ambiguous. We find that the confidence score correlates with the magnitude of the divergence of the learned velocity field, which gives us a window to understand the generative process, opening up surgical forms of guidance that target the moments that matter, new sampling algorithms and interpretability of generative models.

生成模型置信度扩散模型可解释性

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