arXiv:2605.18606cs.LG2026-05被引 1

让神经算子自动对齐物理对称性,提升外分布泛化能力。

Physics-Aligned Canonical Equivariant Fourier Neural Operator under Symmetry-Induced Shifts

论文配图:Physics-Aligned Canonical Equivariant Fourier Neural Operator under Symmetry-Induced Shifts
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 利用李代数估计坐标系,分离对齐与演化学习任务。
  • 在周期域上,外分布误差降低最多12倍,优于增强版FNO。
  • 适合需要高泛化性的物理模拟场景,如流体、波动方程建模。

神经算子可近似偏微分方程的解映射,但通常不遵循控制方程的对称性。在分布外(OOD)情况下,标准神经算子需在同一映射中同时学习坐标对齐与物理演化,影响泛化性能。本文利用周期域上演化方程的已知连续对称性,将这两项职责分离。提出物理对齐的规范等变傅里叶神经算子(PACE-FNO),通过李代数坐标估计算法估计输入帧,将场映射至参考坐标系,应用标准傅里叶神经算子(FNO),再将预测结果恢复至目标帧。通过有界对称性扰动联合训练对齐与算子预测,并可选在推理时进行低维精修以更新估计帧。等变性由输入输出变换保证,而FNO架构保持不变。在1维与2维的Burgers、浅水、纳维-斯托克斯方程上,PACE-FNO在分布内(ID)精度与标准神经算子相当,且在平移和伽利略移动下,外分布相对误差比对称性增强的FNO(FNO+Aug)降低最多12倍;对于耦合旋转-平移变换,增益较小。消融实验表明,输入对齐与输出帧恢复贡献了主要的外分布提升,推理时精修仅提供小幅改进。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Neural operators approximate PDE solution maps, but they need not respect the symmetries of the governing equation. In out-of-distribution (OOD) regimes, a standard neural operator must often learn coordinate alignment and physical evolution within a single map, which can hurt generalization. We use known continuous symmetries of evolution equations on periodic domains to separate these two roles. We propose the Physics-Aligned Canonical Equivariant Fourier Neural Operator (PACE-FNO), which estimates the input frame with a Lie-algebra coordinate estimator, maps the field to a reference frame, applies a standard Fourier Neural Operator (FNO), and restores the prediction to the target frame. We train alignment and operator prediction jointly using bounded symmetry perturbations, with an optional low-dimensional refinement step that updates the estimated frame at inference. Equivariance is enforced by the input and output transformations, while the FNO architecture remains unchanged. Across 1-D and 2-D Burgers, shallow-water, and Navier-Stokes equations on periodic domains, PACE-FNO matches the in-distribution (ID) accuracy of standard neural operators and reduces out-of-distribution (OOD) relative error by up to 12x over FNO with symmetry augmentation (FNO+Aug) under translations and Galilean shifts, with smaller gains for coupled rotation-translation shifts. Ablations show that aligning the input and restoring the output frame account for most OOD gains; inference-time refinement provides a smaller correction.

神经算子物理对称性泛化能力流体模拟

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