生成式AI广告正从显性投放转向隐蔽影响,需建立可信干预框架。
Generative AI Advertising as a Problem of Trustworthy Commercial Intervention
- 按影响层级划分:产品提及→信息框架→行为引导→偏好塑造
- 当前系统仅覆盖可见层级,深层影响难检测且无评估标准
- 适合关注AI伦理、数字广告监管与用户自主权的研究者
主流生成式AI广告系统仍保持商业内容与AI输出之间的明显界限。但实证研究显示,直接嵌入大语言模型输出的广告常被用户忽视。我们认为,生成式AI根本改变了广告形态:不再将产品置于独立展示位,而是通过干预生成过程本身,在更隐蔽渠道施加商业影响。这将生成式广告重新定义为可信干预问题,而非内容投放问题。本文提出按影响层级分类的框架,涵盖对日益隐含变量的干预:产品提及、信息框架、行为引导和长期偏好塑造;并揭示其在检索增强生成与代理型流水线等架构中的体现,其中上游决策可显著限制下游结果。当前主流系统及设计机制集中于最显性且易管控的层级,而对用户自主权最具影响的深层商业干预仍缺乏检测、测量与披露框架。核心挑战在于:如何使生成系统中的商业影响具备可追溯、可衡量、可争议性,并符合用户福祉。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Major deployed generative AI advertising systems preserve a visible boundary between commercial content and AI-generated responses. Yet empirical research shows that ads woven directly into large language model (LLM) outputs often go undetected by users. We argue that generative AI fundamentally changes advertising: rather than placing products into discrete slots, it enables interventions on the generative process itself, which induce commercial influence through less observable channels. This reframes generative AI advertising as a problem of trustworthy intervention rather than content placement. We introduce a taxonomy organized by influence tier, corresponding to interventions on progressively more latent variables: product mentions, information framing, behavioral redirection, and long-term preference shaping; and show how these tiers instantiate across modalities and system architectures, including retrieval-augmented generation and agentic pipelines where upstream decisions can sharply constrain downstream outcomes. Both major deployed systems and designed mechanisms concentrate on the most observable and easiest-to-govern tier, while the forms of commercial influence most consequential for user autonomy remain poorly understood and lack frameworks for detection, measurement, or disclosure. The central challenge is whether commercial influence in generative systems can be made trustworthy, i.e., attributable, measurable, contestable, and aligned with user welfare.
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