用神经网络动态调整滤波器记忆,提升无人机在信号中断时的状态估计鲁棒性。
Learned Memory Attenuation in Sage-Husa Kalman Filters for Robust UAV State Estimation

- 用分层递归网络学习向量化的记忆衰减策略,替代传统固定参数。
- 在混沌吸引子和真实飞行数据上均超越经典自适应滤波器,尤其在传感器失效时表现更优。
- 适合高动态环境下对状态估计精度要求高的无人机系统使用。
动态环境中的无人飞行器面临遥测中断、结构振动及依赖工作模式的噪声问题,这些都会破坏经典卡尔曼滤波器的平稳协方差假设。Sage-Husa 卡尔曼滤波器(SHKF)可在线估计噪声统计,但其依赖静态标量遗忘因子,导致稳态稳定性与瞬时响应性之间存在严格权衡。本文提出 N-Deep 递归 Sage-Husa 滤波器(NDR-SHKF),将该标量参数替换为由分层递归网络在白化创新序列上学习的向量值记忆衰减策略。双分支架构分别将浅层递归状态用于捕捉瞬时传感器异常,深层状态用于编码持续动态趋势,同时引入辅助重构目标防止特征坍塌。整个滤波器(包括递归协方差更新)通过时间反向传播端到端训练,直接最小化状态估计误差。在拓扑不同的混沌吸引子上的评估表明其具备跨域泛化能力,优于在分布外动态下会发散的纯数据驱动基线。此外,在真实飞行数据集上的测试验证了该框架的实用性,展示了其在惯性死区推算过渡阶段的衔接能力,并在传感器中断期间优于经典自适应估计算法。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in dynamic environments face telemetry outages, structural vibrations, and regime-dependent noise that invalidate the stationary covariance assumptions of classical Kalman filters. The Sage-Husa Kalman Filter (SHKF) estimates noise statistics online, but its reliance on a static, scalar forgetting factor forces a strict compromise between steady-state stability and transient responsiveness. We introduce the N-Deep Recurrent Sage-Husa Filter (NDR-SHKF), which replaces this scalar parameter with a vector-valued memory attenuation policy learned by a hierarchical recurrent network operating on whitened innovation sequences. A bifurcated architecture routes shallow recurrent states to capture instantaneous sensor anomalies and deep states to encode sustained dynamic trends, while an auxiliary reconstruction objective prevents feature collapse. The complete filter, including recursive covariance updates, is trained end-to-end via backpropagation through time to directly minimize state estimation error. Evaluations on topologically distinct chaotic attractors demonstrate cross-domain generalization, outperforming purely data-driven baselines that diverge under out-of-distribution dynamics. Furthermore, evaluations on recorded real-world UAV flight datasets validate the framework's practical viability, demonstrating its capacity to bridge transitions into proprioceptive dead reckoning and outperform classical adaptive estimators during sensor outages.
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