arXiv:2605.18905cs.LGcs.AI2026-05

揭示状态空间神经算子的离散误差与稳定性关系,为实际计算提供理论保障。

Stability and Discretization Error of State Space Model Neural Operators

论文配图:Stability and Discretization Error of State Space Model Neural Operators
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 基于连续-离散映射关系,建立神经算子的误差与稳定性理论框架
  • 证明解的光滑性决定离散化精度,提出适用于SS-NO和FNO的新误差定理
  • 通过输入到状态稳定性分析,验证模型在不同分辨率下的鲁棒性

神经算子作为求解偏微分方程的强大工具,具备离散无关性。尽管深度算子网络(DeepONet)已实现算子的通用逼近,傅里叶神经算子(FNOs)也展现出代数收敛率,但连续理论与离散数值实现之间的精确联系仍不明确,特别是连续形式与离散稳定性之间的关系尚未充分探索。本文填补这一空白,为神经算子近似方案的离散误差与稳定性提供理论保证。我们证明了解正则性与输入离散化的解析边界,正式量化了在真实数值约束下神经算子的精度。将该边界推导至基于状态空间模型的神经算子(SS-NOs)与FNOs,提出了针对这两类模型的新离散误差定理。此外,通过输入到状态稳定性(ISS)分析,形式化评估了离散化对连续域中SS-NO结果稳定性的影响。1D与2D基准测试的实证实验验证了理论边界,并展示了SS-NO在不同分辨率下的鲁棒性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Neural operators have emerged as a powerful, discretization-invariant framework for solving partial differential equations (PDEs). Although established approaches like the Deep Operator Network (DeepONet) have successfully achieved universal approximation for operators, and architectures such as Fourier Neural Operators (FNOs) have shown algebraic convergence rates, a precise theoretical connection between the continuous theory and its discrete numerical implementation remains a challenge. Specifically, the relationship between the continuous formulation and the discrete numerical stability has yet to be fully explored. In this paper, we address this gap by establishing theoretical guarantees for the discretization error and stability of neural operator approximation schemes. We prove analytical bounds that link solution regularity to input discretization, providing a formal quantification of neural operator accuracy under real-world numerical constraints. We derive these bounds to the specific cases of State Space Model-based Neural Operators (SS-NOs) and FNOs, thus providing a new discretization error theorem for these models. Additionally, through an input-to-state stability (ISS) analysis, we formally assess the impact of discretization on the stability of SS-NOs results obtained in the continuous domain. Our empirical experiments on 1D and 2D benchmarks validate our theoretical bounds and show the robustness of SS-NOs under varying resolutions.

神经算子偏微分方程稳定性分析离散误差

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