仅用局部距离图恢复数据的全局欧氏嵌入,无需原始特征向量。
Euclidean Embedding of Data Using Local Distances

- 基于局部距离图构建无先验的欧氏嵌入,通过变分法匹配图上距离与欧氏度量。
- 在合成流形和真实数据集上,保持局部结构且逼近全局等距嵌入。
- 完全依赖图运算,适合无显式特征表示的数据嵌入任务。
我们研究了仅通过局部距离图恢复全局一致欧氏嵌入的问题,提出一种最优表示方法。该方法仅依赖由成对距离加权的邻域图,无需数据的任何初始向量表示。嵌入通过求解一个变分问题获得,该问题将图上的局部距离与嵌入函数微分诱导的欧氏度量相匹配。推导出坐标无关形式的欧拉-拉格朗日方程,可直接从距离图评估所有算子。尽管非线性且无显式表达式,但其可通过迭代更新的稀疏线性问题求解。主要贡献包括:(a) 推导出连续情况下最优欧氏嵌入的泛函方程;(b) 提出仅需邻域距离图、无需特征向量的表示无关公式;(c) 基于纯局部图操作的估计过程。实验在合成流形和真实数据集上验证了该非参数算法,表现出对局部度量结构和邻近关系的一致保留,并逼近全局等距嵌入。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
We study the problem of recovering a globally consistent Euclidean embedding of data, given only a local distance graph and propose a method that optimally represents these distances. The method operates solely on a neighborhood graph weighted by pairwise distances, without requiring any prior vector representation of the data. The embedding is obtained by solving a variational problem that matches local, on-graph distances to the Euclidean metric, induced by the differentials of the embedding functions. The resulting Euler-Lagrange equations are derived in a coordinate-free form, enabling direct evaluation of all operators from the distance graph alone. Though non-linear and missing an explicit expression for their non-linearity, these equations are shown to be resolved as an iteratively updated sparse linear problem. The main contributions of the proposed approach are (a) the derivation of the functional equations governing the optimal Euclidean embedding in the continuum, (b) a representation-free formulation that requires only a neighborhood distance graph and no feature vectors and (c) an estimation procedure based exclusively on local graph operations. We experimentally evaluate the resulting non-parametric algorithm on synthetic manifolds and real datasets, demonstrating consistent preservation of local metric structure and neighboring relations, while approximating the global isometric embedding.
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