用行为经济学改进机器学习中的策略分类,让模型更贴近真实人类决策。
Beyond Rational Illusion: Behaviorally Realistic Strategic Classification

- 基于前景理论构建新框架,模拟人类非理性决策偏差。
- 在合成与真实数据上表现优于传统理性假设模型。
- 适合关注真实世界应用的AI伦理与公平性研究者。
策略分类(Strategic Classification, SC)研究决策模型与会为获得有利结果而操纵自身特征的个体之间的互动。现有框架通常假设个体完全理性,但行为经济学和心理学证据表明,真实决策常受认知偏差影响,偏离纯粹理性。为此,我们提出行为现实的策略分类问题,其中个体因心理偏差导致策略性操作偏离完全理性。受此启发,我们提出前景引导的策略框架(Pro-SF),基于前景理论建模并学习行为现实的策略响应。具体地,通过引入前景理论的三个核心机制——收益与成本的不对称性、不同的主观参考点、非理性的概率扭曲,重构了决策者与个体间的斯塔克尔伯格式交互。在合成与真实世界数据集上的实验表明,Pro-SF是一种行为根基扎实的策略分类方法,弥合了机器学习与行为经济学的鸿沟,有助于提升实际部署的可靠性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Strategic classification(SC) studies the interaction between decision models and agents who strategically manipulate their features for favorable outcomes. Existing SC frameworks typically rely on the idealized assumption that agents are strictly rational. However, evidence from behavioral economics and psychology consistently shows that real-world decision-making is often shaped by cognitive biases, deviating from pure rationality. To formalize this limitation, we identify and define a new problem setting, termed the behaviorally realistic strategic classification problem, where agents' strategic manipulations deviate from full rationality due to psychological biases. Motivated by the identified limitation, we propose the Prospect-Guided Strategic Framework (Pro-SF) to address the problem, a principled framework grounded in prospect theory to model and learn under behaviorally realistic strategic responses. Specifically, to capture behaviorally realistic strategic manipulations, our framework reformulates the Stackelberg-style interaction between agents and the decision-maker by incorporating three key mechanisms inspired by prospect theory, including the asymmetry between benefits and costs, different subjective reference points, and non-rational probability distortion. Experiments on synthetic and real-world datasets establish Pro-SF as a behaviorally grounded approach to strategic classification, bridging machine learning and behavioral economics for more reliable deployment in the real world.
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