提出统一的末端执行器与根部控制接口,实现人形机器人模块化操作。
CEER: Compliant End-Effector and Root Control as a Unified Interface for Hierarchical Humanoid Loco-Manipulation

- 用末端与根部运动指令统一控制,支持柔性交互
- 仿真与实机测试中末端跟踪误差仅3.3厘米,抖动显著降低
- 兼容多种高层规划器,适合复杂长时序操作任务
人形机器人虽在行走方面表现优异,但接触丰富的长期操作仍是主要瓶颈。操作需全身柔顺控制以保持稳定,且其多样性与长周期特性适合模块化、可规划的接口而非关节空间追踪。本文提出CEER,一种基于末端执行器-根部(EE-root)控制抽象的分层人形操作框架。该方法在可解释的任务空间中实现柔顺全肢体控制,支持与异构高层规划器即插即用集成。采用师生框架将通用运动追踪控制器提炼为仅需接收EE-root命令的底层策略。构建分层系统,通过EE-root接口整合异构规划器与任务模块,无需重训练即可完成多样化操作任务。仿真与实机实验表明,末端跟踪精度达3.3厘米,抖动显著低于基线;遥操作下实现稳定接触操作;在室规模环境中,单物体分层操作任务成功率最高达70%。结果表明,柔顺的EE-root控制为复杂人形操作提供了实用抽象,支持技能模块化与可扩展集成。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Humanoid robots have achieved impressive locomotion performance, yet contact-rich and long-horizon manipulation remains a major bottleneck. Manipulation is inherently contact-rich and demands compliant whole-body control for stable interaction, while its diversity and long-horizon nature favor modular, planner-compatible interfaces over joint-space tracking. We propose CEER, a compliant end-effector-root (EE-root) control abstraction for modular humanoid loco-manipulation within a hierarchical planning framework. CEER enables compliance-aware whole-body control in an interpretable task space defined by root motion commands and end-effector pose targets, and supports plug-and-play integration with heterogeneous high-level planners. A teacher-student framework is adopted to distill a general motion-tracking controller into a low-level policy that consumes only EE-root commands. We further construct a hierarchical system that integrates heterogeneous planners and task modules through the EE-root interface, enabling diverse manipulation tasks without retraining the underlying whole-body policy. Experiments in simulation and on hardware demonstrate 3.3 cm end-effector tracking accuracy with substantially reduced jerk compared to baselines, stable contact-rich manipulation under teleoperation, and up to 70% success in simulated single-object loco-manipulation tasks within a room-scale environment. These results indicate that compliant EE-root control provides a practical abstraction for humanoid loco-manipulation, enabling modular and scalable integration of diverse skills.
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