arXiv:2605.20030cs.LGmath.OC2026-05

提出点对点拒绝机制,让最优传输更灵活地处理不匹配数据。

Take It or Leave It: Intent-Controlled Partial Optimal Transport

论文配图:Take It or Leave It: Intent-Controlled Partial Optimal Transport
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用点级拒绝成本替代全局拒绝,实现更精细的匹配控制。
  • 理论证明可转化为平衡的Kantorovich问题,计算可行。
  • 在半监督学习和卫星海洋数据中提升信号提取效果。

最优传输(OT)要求两组数据完全匹配,而部分最优传输通过全局预算或统一拒绝对此放宽。然而许多应用需要更结构化的点对点拒绝机制,即是否保留某质量取决于特定侧的信息可靠性、支撑几何或外部知识。本文提出意图控制的部分最优传输(IC-POT),以点级拒绝成本取代全局拒绝对策,实现对两侧数据的精准筛选。我们证明该问题在局部接受阈值下有双重解释,并可通过扩展支撑空间转化为平衡的Kantorovich OT问题求解。实验表明,在正负样本学习与开放部分域适应中,基于统计结构的点级拒绝规则能有效提升基线性能。此外,我们在地球物理场景中验证其价值:多模态卫星海洋观测中,物理先验与传感器特性可自然指导拒绝机制,从而准确提取可比信号。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

While optimal transport (OT) enforces a rigid constraint by requiring two measures to be matched exactly, partial optimal transport relaxes this requirement by allowing mass to remain unmatched through a global budget, scalar rebate, or uniform rejection rule. However, many applications call for more structured, pointwise rejection mechanisms, where the decision to leave mass unmatched depends on side-specific reliability, support geometry, or external information about which components should participate in the comparison. We introduce \emph{intent-controlled partial optimal transport} (IC-POT), a targeted generalization of partial transport that replaces the global rejection paradigm with pointwise rejection costs over both measures. We show that the resulting optimization problem admits a dual interpretation in terms of local acceptance thresholds and can be solved by recasting it as a balanced Kantorovich OT problem on an augmented support. Beyond theoretical analysis, we demonstrate the practical relevance of IC-POT in settings where rejection is driven by side information. In positive-unlabeled learning and open-partial domain adaptation, incorporating pointwise rejection rules that encode statistical structure improves fixed baseline pipelines. Finally, we motivate the use of IC-POT with a geophysical practical case: multi-modal satellite ocean measurements, for which physical and sensors priors naturally inform the rejection mechanism and define the retrieved comparable signal information.

最优传输点对点拒绝半监督学习卫星数据

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