LLM生成的残障人士言论过度理想化,掩盖真实困境。
Shiny Stories, Hidden Struggles: Investigating the Representation of Disability Through the Lens of LLMs

- 用模拟残障者口吻生成社交媒体内容,对比真实用户
- 发现模型倾向输出过度积极内容,忽略真实生活挑战
- 揭示模型对残障者存在刻板美化,对非残障者则偏见性突出
现代大语言模型(LLMs)具备模拟人类行为和生成反映不同人群特征文本的能力。然而,这些模型可能延续甚至放大对历史边缘群体的偏见或歧视;反之,经过去偏处理后,也可能出现过度矫正,将残障群体理想化,抹去其真实面临的复杂挑战。本文通过让模型模拟残障人士撰写社交媒体帖子,并与真实残障用户的帖子进行对比,分析情感基调、情绪倾向及代表性词汇与主题。结果发现:(1)模型常对残障经历进行理想化表达,生成过于正面的刻板印象,虽看似鼓舞人心,却未能真实反映其生活现实;(2)对比模拟残障与非残障个体的帖子,发现职业、娱乐等话题更倾向于与非残障者关联,强化了排斥性叙事,并过度美化残障群体形象,扭曲了该群体实际面临的挑战。这些发现呼应了更广泛的研究关切,表明当前模型在呈现社会多样性方面仍存缺陷,尤其难以准确刻画边缘群体的复杂经验,亟需对其表征进行批判性审视。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Modern Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently attracted much attention for their ability to simulate human behavior and generate text that reflects personas and demographic groups. While these capabilities can open up a multitude of diverse applications across fields, it is crucial to examine how such models represent various target groups since LLMs can perpetuate and amplify biases or discrimination against historically marginalized communities or, alternatively, as a result of debiasing efforts, overcorrect by portraying overly positive stereotypes. This overcompensation can idealize these groups, erasing the complexities and challenges they face in favor of unrealistic depictions. In this paper, we investigate how LLMs represent disability by simulating the perspectives of individuals with disabilities in generating social media posts. These posts are then compared with those written by real people with disabilities, focusing on emotional tone, sentiment, and representative words and themes. Our analysis reveals two key findings: (1) LLMs often idealize the experiences of people with disabilities, producing overly positive stereotypes that, despite appearing uplifting, fail to authentically capture their lived realities; and (2) a comparative analysis of posts simulating individuals with and without disabilities highlights a negative bias, where certain topics, such as career and entertainment, are disproportionately associated with nondisabled individuals. This reinforces exclusionary narratives and over-idealized portrayals of disability, misrepresenting the actual challenges faced by this community. These findings align with broader concerns and ongoing research showing that LLMs struggle to reflect the diverse realities of society, particularly the nuanced experiences of marginalized groups, and underscore the need for critical scrutiny of their representations.
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