arXiv:2605.20222quant-phcs.LG2026-05

量子算法端到端学习,高效解决不确定环境下的组合优化问题

Quantum End-to-End Learning for Contextual Combinatorial Optimization

  • 用量子近似优化算法构建端到端框架,融合上下文重载机制
  • 在不调用难解求解器情况下直接优化任务损失,参数量显著更少
  • 适合未来量子计算时代工业级优化场景,兼具理论保障与实用潜力

上下文组合优化(CCO)在不确定性决策中至关重要,但仍是重大挑战。本文提出首个基于量子计算的端到端学习框架QEL,利用量子近似优化算法(QAOA)。受数据重加载中状态准备与演化结合的启发,设计上下文重加载阶段分离器,联合捕捉上下文、不确定系数与最优解之间的复杂关系。使上下文编码器可无缝集成于量子代理策略中,实现与平稳性保证的联合端到端训练。利用经典方法难以借鉴的物理原理驱动的优化感知结构,该方法在离散非凸条件下直接基于任务损失训练,避免调用NP难优化求解器。实验表明,QEL性能具竞争力且参数量远低于经典基准,凸显其面向未来量子时代的工业应用潜力。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Contextual combinatorial optimization (CCO) plays a critical role in decision-making under uncertainty, yet remains a significant challenge. We present Quantum End-to-End Learning (QEL), the first quantum computing-based end-to-end learning framework for CCO that leverages Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithms. Inspired by the integration of state preparation and evolution in data re-uploading, we propose a context re-uploading phase-separator that jointly captures the complex relations among contexts, uncertain coefficients, and optimal solutions. This allows a contextual encoder to be seamlessly integrated within a quantum surrogate policy, enabling joint end-to-end training with a stationarity guarantee. Exploiting an optimization-aware structure grounded in physical principles that classical methods cannot readily leverage, our approach demonstrates practicality by directly training on task loss despite the discreteness and nonconvexity, while avoiding calls to NP-hard optimization solvers. QEL empirically achieves competitive performance while requiring substantially fewer parameters than classical benchmarks, highlighting its industrial-level potential for the future quantum era.

量子计算组合优化端到端学习

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