通过反馈引导探索,让强化学习模型更快更稳地提升推理能力。
FBOS-RL: Feedback-Driven Bi-Objective Synergistic Reinforcement Learning

- 用环境反馈指导探索,动态生成高质量推理路径
- 双目标协同训练使学习速度和最终性能显著提升
- 适合需要高效训练大模型推理能力的研究者
强化学习已成为对齐与释放大模型推理能力的核心方法。以GRPO及其变体为代表的训练流程在采样与策略更新间交替进行:策略先从动作空间采样轨迹,再根据其优势值更新参数。与监督学习不同,该场景下梯度方向未知,采样阶段生成的高质量轨迹充当隐式“教师”指导参数更新。然而主流算法如GRPO采用单一原始提示采样,当任务超出模型当前能力时,难以获得高质量轨迹,导致更新缺乏有效梯度方向,训练停滞。为此,本文提出FBOS-RL:让模型基于环境反馈执行反馈引导探索增强,并设计两个相互促进的目标——EPA与ECC。实验表明,二者可协同形成正向飞轮效应,显著提升训练效率与最终性能上限。在相同采样数量与训练步数下,FBOS-RL比GRPO及基于反馈的基线学习更快,且达到更高性能,同时保持更高策略熵与更低梯度范数。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Reinforcement learning has become a cornerstone for aligning and unlocking the reasoning capabilities of large-scale models. At its core, the training loop of GRPO and its variants alternates between rollout sampling and policy update: the policy first samples rollouts from its action space, and then updates its parameters according to the advantages computed over them. Unlike supervised learning, where each gradient step is anchored to an explicit ground-truth target, the optimal gradient direction for updating model parameters in this setting is not known a priori; the high-quality rollouts drawn during the sampling stage therefore act as the implicit "teacher" that guides every parameter update. However, mainstream RL algorithms such as GRPO adopt a simple sampling scheme that conditions all rollouts on the same original prompt. When a task lies beyond the policy model's current capability, this sampling scheme rarely yields a high-quality rollout, leaving the policy model without a meaningful gradient direction when updating its parameters, which causes training to stall. To address this issue, we propose FBOS-RL. Specifically, we let the model perform Feedback-Guided Exploration Enhancement based on the feedback provided by the environment, and on top of this we design two mutually reinforcing training objectives: EPA and ECC. Extensive experiments demonstrate that EPA and ECC can mutually reinforce each other, forming a positive flywheel effect that significantly improves both the training efficiency and the final performance ceiling of reinforcement learning. Specifically, under both an identical number of rollouts and the same number of training steps, FBOS-RL learns substantially faster than GRPO and feedback-based baselines and ultimately attains a higher performance ceiling, while exhibiting higher policy entropy and lower gradient norms throughout training.
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