通过投影与激光反馈,实现砖石施工中人机协同的自适应调整。
Adaptive Human-Robot Collaboration for Masonry Construction Under Material and Assembly Uncertainty

- 用安装在末端的投影仪提供即时定位引导,提升人工涂胶精度。
- 激光扫描实时修正抓取与放置姿态,避免因误差累积导致碰撞。
- 适用于材料变异和非标准构型,增强施工鲁棒性与效率。
建筑领域的人机协作常受限于机器人与人类之间的通信不足,以及材料和装配不确定性带来的公差累积问题。本文提出一种适用于砖石施工的自适应人机协作流程,通过一个砖墙案例验证:机器人负责砌砖,人工负责涂抹粘合剂。该流程依赖两种互补机制:1)末端安装的投影仪提供空间对齐、即时的投射引导,用于人工涂胶;2)激光扫描实现反馈驱动的抓取与放置姿态校正。两者结合使人工与机器动作能响应材料差异与累积公差。在传统错缝砌法及非标准构型的全尺寸实验中,投影引导显著提升了涂胶一致性并缩短操作时间,激光校正则维持了水平砌筑层,避免了开环执行导致的碰撞失败。结果表明,结合空间投影与基于材料及实际建造状态的反馈适应,可有效缓解公差累积,提升人机协同施工的精度与鲁棒性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Human-robot collaboration in construction is often challenged by limited robot-to-human communication and the need to adapt to tolerance accumulation arising from material and assembly uncertainties. We present an adaptive human-robot collaborative workflow for masonry construction that addresses communication limitations and tolerance accumulation, demonstrated through a brickwork case study in which a robot places bricks while a human applies adhesive. This workflow is enabled by two complementary mechanisms: 1) an end-effector-mounted projector that provides spatially registered, just-in-time projection guidance for manual adhesive application, and 2) laser scanning for feedback-driven grasping and placement pose correction. Together, these mechanisms enable adjustment of human and robotic actions in response to material variability and accumulated assembly tolerances. Full-scale experiments across conventional running-bond and nonstandard configurations demonstrate that projection guidance improves adhesive application consistency and reduces application time, while laser-based correction maintains level courses and avoids collision-prone failures associated with open-loop execution. These results indicate that integrating spatial projection with feedback-driven adaptation, enabled by material and as-built sensing, can mitigate tolerance accumulation and improve precision and robustness in human-robot collaborative construction.
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