arXiv:2605.20595cs.ROcs.MA2026-05

提出首个空中无人机间意图优先的实时协同通信方案,解决密集空域中的动态避障难题。

Intent-First Aerial V2V for Tactical Coordination and Separation: Protocol and Performance Under Density and Disturbance

  • 基于意图与状态的双向广播,实现局部协同感知和动态响应
  • 实测表明能有效减少过时信息、抑制误判并维持观测连续性
  • 适合城市低空密集飞行场景,尤其在干扰多变环境下表现稳定

密集低空飞行作业不仅需要飞行前路线规划,更需应对空中突发扰动。传统避障反应滞后且破坏性大,而战术分离作为中间层亟需可部署的机载邻域通信机制。本文首次提出一种控制器耦合的全机载、侧链类、意图优先的车对车(V2V)战术信息交换架构,用于密集无人航空系统交通管理(UTM)。不同于仅广播状态,该机制融合更新的状态与意图信标,支持本地感知、协作感知及降级模式评估,并通过事件触发消息实现让行、排序、释放与应急协调。系统基于侧链级蜂窝车联网(C-V2X)模块实现,具备认证时间新鲜度校验。评估采用高负载场景驱动的真实环境压力测试,结果表明:该架构显著降低过时信念差异,通过协作感知保持可观测性,拒绝无效战术消息,抑制错误本地推断,并结构化共享资源协调。系统在中低密度下具备可行性,但随密度、干扰和复杂度上升,逐步进入受控降级模式。研究证实意图优先的空中V2V是扰动驱动城市空域中战术协同的有限但可靠支撑。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Dense low-altitude aerial operations require more than pre-flight route coordination and last-resort collision avoidance. Once aircraft are airborne, disturbances can emerge on timescales shorter than strategic reauthorization can absorb, while collision avoidance is too late and disruptive to serve as routine traffic management. Although tactical separation is recognized as the intermediate layer, realizing it at scale requires a deployable neighborhood communication mechanism that provides fresh, trusted information for local coordination. This paper presents what is, to our knowledge, the first controller-coupled characterization of an all-airborne, sidelink-class, intent-first vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) tactical neighborhood exchange stack for dense Unmanned Aircraft System Traffic Management (UTM) operations. Unlike awareness-only broadcast, the proposed exchange combines refreshed state and intent beacons for local awareness, cooperative perception, and degraded-mode assessment with event-triggered messages for yielding, sequencing, release, and contingency coordination. We implement and evaluate this model on an all-airborne V2V stack using sidelink-class C-V2X modules with authenticated freshness checks. Evaluation uses a scenario-driven, high-volume stress campaign supported by real-time, field-anchored infrastructure. Results show that V2V reduces stale-belief divergence, preserves observability through cooperative perception, rejects invalid tactical messages, suppresses false local inference, and structures shared-resource coordination. The implemented stack provides a viable communication layer for tactical separation in lower-to-moderate regimes, but transitions toward guarded fallback as density, impairment, and complexity increase. These findings position intent-first aerial V2V as a bounded enabler for scaling tactical coordination in disturbance-driven urban airspace.

无人机交通管理意图优先协同通信城市空域

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