为生成式AI提供可验证的来源追踪与水印系统,助力法律证据链构建。
Verifiable Provenance and Watermarking for Generative AI: An Evidentiary Framework for International Operational Law and Domestic Courts
- 融合密码学溯源、鲁棒水印与零知识证明,构建统一证据框架。
- 在12000个生成样本上测试,实现高检测率与低误报率,满足多法域要求。
- 适合法律从业者、工程师及军事操作员协同部署,支持跨国合规与审判应用。
生成式人工智能现能以低成本合成逼真图像、音频和视频,超越传统法证直觉。其法律影响涵盖国际作战法、国内诉讼程序和产品监管三类独立研究领域。本文提出一个统一的证据框架,将加密内容溯源、鲁棒统计水印与零知识认证映射至各制度的证明需求。定义五级威胁模型:简单重生成、对抗性清洗、跨模型重生成、主动水印移除及内部来源伪造。发布公开基准,包含图像、音频、视频三种模态共12000个生成样本,经六种清洗管道处理,共72000个评估样本。评估四种代表性方案,报告固定误报率下的真正例率、鲁棒性曲线下面积(AUC)、计算开销及受制度条件约束的法律充分性评分。将实证检测边界转化为法律充分性阈值,适用于武装冲突法下的指挥决策、国内刑事与民事可采性判断,以及欧盟《人工智能法案》等法规下的持续审计要求。成果包括可复现的参考流水线、公开基准与模型附录,供律师、工程师与操作员共同部署。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Generative artificial intelligence now synthesizes photorealistic imagery, audio, and video at a cost that defeats traditional forensic intuition. The legal consequences span three regimes studied so far in isolation: international operational law, domestic procedure, and product regulation. This article presents a unified evidentiary framework that maps cryptographic content provenance, robust statistical watermarking, and zero knowledge attestation to the proof requirements of each regime. We define a five tier threat model spanning naive regeneration, adversarial laundering, cross model regeneration, active watermark removal, and insider provenance forgery. We release a public benchmark of 12000 generated items across image, audio, and video modalities under six laundering pipelines for 72000 evaluation samples. We evaluate four representative schemes and report true positive rate at fixed false positive rate, robustness area under the curve, computational overhead, and a regime conditioned legal sufficiency score. We translate empirical detection bounds into legal sufficiency thresholds for command decisions under the law of armed conflict, for criminal and civil admissibility under domestic procedure, and for persistence audits under the European Union Artificial Intelligence Act and analogous regimes. The result is a reproducible reference pipeline, a public benchmark, and model annexes that lawyers, engineers, and operators can deploy together.
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