用法律原则增强检索，提升新加坡判例引用准确性
SG-LegalCite: A Principle-Augmented Benchmark for Legal Citation Retrieval in Singapore Law
- 引入法律原则作为查询要素，改进判例检索方式
- 构建包含10万+案例-原则对的数据集，覆盖2000至2025年
- 适用于法律AI研究者与新加坡司法技术开发者
普通法体系中的法律引用不仅依赖事实相似性，还取决于援引先例所依据的法律原则。然而，现有法律引用检索基准多以案件事实、引用上下文或完整判决为输入，其中核心法律原则常缺失或隐含于广泛语境中，导致模型可能检索到事实相似但教义无关的先例。这一问题在新加坡尤为突出：其法律体系独立发展，仅本国判例具约束力，外国判例仅具说服力。为此，我们提出一种新检索范式，基于融合案件事实与明确法律原则的查询来排序被引案例，模拟真实法律推理流程。为支持该范式，我们构建了SG-LegalCite数据集，涵盖8,523份新加坡最高法院判决中的100,890个案例-原则对，时间跨度为2000至2025年。11种基线模型的实验表明，显式法律原则可提供强区分信号，显著提升检索有效性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Legal citation in common-law systems depends not only on factual similarity, but also on the legal principle for which a precedent is invoked. However, existing benchmarks for legal citation retrieval use case facts, citation context, or full judgments as inputs, where the governing legal principle is often missing or only implicitly expressed and entangled with broader context. As a result, models may retrieve precedents that are factually similar yet doctrinally irrelevant. This limitation is particularly consequential in Singapore, where the legal system has evolved independently: only domestic precedents are binding, while foreign authorities serve merely as persuasive references. Thus, we propose a new retrieval paradigm that ranks cited cases based on queries integrating case facts and explicit legal principles, inspired by real-world legal reasoning workflows. To support this paradigm, we introduce SG-LegalCite, a dataset of 100,890 case-principle pairs extracted from 8,523 Singapore Supreme Court judgments spanning from 2000 to 2025. Experiments across 11 baselines demonstrate the effectiveness of our principle-augmented retrieval paradigm, showing that explicit legal principles provide strong discriminative signals for legal citation retrieval.
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