arXiv:2605.21214cs.LGcs.AI2026-05

让强化学习每次训练结果更稳定,避免性能波动。

Behavior-Consistent Deep Reinforcement Learning

论文配图:Behavior-Consistent Deep Reinforcement Learning
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用动态温度调节策略控制不同训练间的策略差异。
  • 在18个连续控制任务中,训练差异降低两个数量级。
  • 适合对稳定性要求高的实际部署场景。

强化学习常因训练过程波动大导致性能不可靠,限制了其在真实场景中的应用。本文提出行为一致性强化学习,目标是获得高性能且跨训练运行表现一致的策略。核心观察是:最大熵强化学习可通过固定统一先验来控制行为分歧。理论证明,对玻尔兹曼策略而言,将温度设置为与Q值分歧成比例,可约束策略间两两KL散度。但盲目提高熵可能损害优化效果并放大离策略误差。基于此,提出Q值期望分歧(QED)方法,利用双评论家分歧作为单次训练中跨运行分歧的代理信号,实现状态相关温度调度。实验表明,在18个连续控制任务中,QED使跨运行分歧降低两个数量级,返回值方差显著减小,仅付出轻微样本效率代价。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Reinforcement learning (RL) often exhibits high variance across training runs, leading to unreliable performance and posing a major challenge to deployment in real-world domains. In this work, we address the challenge of cross-run policy divergence by formalizing the problem of behavior-consistent RL, where the objective is to obtain policies that are both high-performing and distributionally similar across training runs. Our key observation is that maximum-entropy RL provides a direct mechanism for controlling behavioral divergence by anchoring runs to a common (uniform) prior. We prove that, for Boltzmann policies, choosing the temperature proportional to $Q$-function disagreement bounds the pairwise KL divergence between the induced policies. However, we also show that naïvely increasing entropy might impair policy optimization while amplifying off-policy error. Building upon these observations, we propose $Q$-value Expectile Disagreement (QED), a state-dependent temperature schedule that uses double-critic disagreement as a single-run proxy for cross-run disagreement. Empirically, we demonstrate that across 18 continuous-control tasks, QED reduces across-run divergence by two orders of magnitude without sacrificing performance, resulting in a considerable reduction in return variance at modest sample-efficiency costs.

强化学习稳定性策略优化

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