LamPO通过配对优势优化,提升推理模型在数学等任务上的表现。
LamPO: A Lambda Style Policy Optimization for Reasoning Language Models
- 用配对分解优势替代传统标量优势,保留生成结果间的细微差异信息。
- 在AIME24、MATH-500等数据集上优于GRPO,训练更稳定且样本效率更高。
- 适合需要高精度推理的场景,如数学竞赛、代码生成与科学问答。
基于可验证奖励的强化学习(RLVR)已成为提升数学、编程和科学问答等任务中推理语言模型性能的有效方法。然而,广泛使用的组相对目标(如GRPO)将每个采样组概括为标量统计量,因而丢失了候选回复之间的细粒度关系信息,削弱了稀疏奖励下的信用分配,尤其当多个生成解仅在推理质量上存在细微差别时。我们提出LamPO——一种λ风格策略优化方法,以配对分解优势取代标量组优势。LamPO在每组内聚合配对奖励差距,并利用序列对数概率差计算置信度感知权重调节每对比较,同时保持PPO式优化的无裁判与裁剪更新结构。当有参考解时,进一步引入轻量级ROUGE-L基密集辅助奖励以缓解奖励稀疏性。在AIME24、AIME25、MATH-500和GPQA-Diamond上使用Qwen3-1.7B、Qwen3-4B和Phi-4-mini的实验表明,LamPO持续优于GRPO及近期RLVR变体,具备更稳定的训练动态和更高的样本效率。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has become an effective paradigm for improving reasoning language models on tasks such as mathematics, coding, and scientific question answering. However, widely used group-relative objectives, such as GRPO, summarize each sampled group with scalar statistics and therefore discard fine-grained relational information among candidate responses. This weakens credit assignment under sparse outcome rewards, especially when multiple generated solutions differ only subtly in reasoning quality. We propose \textbf{LamPO}, a \textbf{Lambda-Style Policy Optimization} method that replaces scalar group advantages with a \emph{Pairwise Decomposed Advantage}. LamPO aggregates pairwise reward gaps within each response group and modulates each comparison by a confidence-aware weight computed from sequence log-probability differences, while retaining the critic-free and clipped-update structure of PPO-style optimization. When reference solutions are available, we further add a lightweight ROUGE-L-based dense auxiliary reward to reduce reward sparsity. Experiments on AIME24, AIME25, MATH-500, and GPQA-Diamond with Qwen3-1.7B, Qwen3-4B, and Phi-4-mini show that LamPO consistently improves over GRPO and recent RLVR variants, with more stable training dynamics and better sample efficiency.
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