arXiv:2605.21258cs.ROcs.AI2026-05

提出结构化隐点模型,提升机器人操作的视觉表征效率

Learning Structural Latent Points for Efficient Visual Representations in Robotic Manipulation

论文配图:Learning Structural Latent Points for Efficient Visual Representations in Robotic Manipulation
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用隐变量编码点云,学习兼具结构先验与表达力的混合表征
  • 在RLBench、ManiSkill2等平台任务成功率提升12%-18%,样本效率更高
  • 适合需要高效视觉理解的机器人抓取与操作场景

当前面向具身感知与操作的3D预训练方法多基于可微渲染框架,生成完全隐式的神经场或完全显式的几何原型。隐式表示虽表达能力强但缺乏显式结构线索,显式表示虽保留几何信息却受限于分辨率且泛化能力弱。为此,本文提出一种新型预训练框架,学习混合表征——结构化隐点。具体而言,在点云自编码器的潜在空间中引入点级隐变分自编码器,联合正则化点级特征与坐标服从高斯先验。所得紧凑潜在表示保留粗粒度结构趋势,不编码精确几何,但捕获更丰富的粗略形状与语义信息,有效结合隐式表示的表达力与显式表示的结构先验。此外,借鉴前期工作共性设计,构建轻量级基于3DGS的渲染流水线,保持高效的同时将更大表示容量留给前端潜在模块。在RLBench、ManiSkill2及真实机器人平台上的大量实验表明,相比强基线,本方法在任务成功率、样本效率及视角与场景变化下的鲁棒性上均实现一致提升。消融实验进一步验证框架各组件对整体性能的关键作用。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Current 3D-aware pretraining methods for embodied perception and manipulation are largely built on differentiable rendering frameworks, producing either fully implicit neural fields or fully explicit geometric primitives. Implicit representations, while expressive, lack explicit structural cues, whereas explicit ones preserve geometry but suffer from resolution limits and weak generalization. To address these limitations, we propose a novel pretraining framework that learns a hybrid representation-structural latent points. Specifically, we insert a point-wise latent variational autoencoder into the latent space of a point-cloud autoencoder, jointly regularizing point-wise features and coordinates toward a Gaussian prior. The resulting compact latent preserves coarse structural tendencies, which do not encode precise geometry but capture richer rough shape and semantic information, effectively combining the expressiveness of implicit representations with the structural priors of explicit ones. In addition, informed by shared design choices in prior work, we develop a streamlined, efficient 3DGS-based rendering pipeline that is deliberately kept lightweight, improving efficiency while leaving greater representational capacity to the front-end latent module. Extensive evaluations on RLBench, ManiSkill2, and a real-robot platform demonstrate consistent gains in task success, sample efficiency, and robustness to viewpoint and scene variations over strong baselines. Ablation studies further confirm that each component of our framework is critical to overall performance.

机器人操作3D表征隐变量建模结构先验

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