用连续轨迹建模脑电波,生成更真实、结构更一致的脑电信号。
Let EEG Models Learn EEG

- 基于条件流匹配直接学习脑电信号的连续演化路径。
- 在三个大规模数据集上比基线模型降低超40%的TS-FID指标。
- 适合需要高保真脑电生成的研究者,如神经建模与隐私保护场景。
高保真脑电(EEG)生成对于缓解大规模神经建模中的数据稀缺和隐私问题至关重要。尽管近期取得进展,多数现有方法采用离散去噪目标生成EEG,未能充分反映神经活动固有的连续时间动态与频谱结构。因此,这些方法常难以保持长时依赖性,且生成信号在频谱与时间结构上存在偏差。本文提出Just EEG Transformer(JET),一种基于条件流匹配的生成框架,将EEG视为沿连续轨迹演化的原始序列。通过学习将噪声映射至EEG数据分布的平滑向量场,JET在不依赖离散去噪或领域特定表示的情况下,捕捉时间连续性与瞬态动态。为确保学习动态符合脑电关键特性,引入了保留频谱结构、时间平稳性与信号级统计特性的原则性约束。在三个大规模基准测试中,JET持续达到最优性能,相较强基线降低超过40%的TS-FID。大量分析表明,JET能有效捕捉神经动态的关键结构性质,提供一种可扩展且原理严谨的脑电生成方法。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
High-fidelity EEG generation is critical for alleviating data scarcity and addressing privacy constraints in large-scale neural modeling. Despite recent progress, most existing approaches formulate EEG generation via discrete denoising objectives, which inadequately reflect the inherently continuous temporal dynamics and spectral structure of neural activity. As a result, these methods often struggle to preserve long-range temporal dependencies and exhibit mismatches in the spectral and temporal structure of the generated signals. In this work, we argue that effective EEG generation requires models that operate directly on the continuous evolution of neural signals. We introduce Just EEG Transformer (JET), a generative framework based on conditional flow matching that models EEG as raw sequences evolving along continuous trajectories. By learning a smooth vector field that transports noise to the EEG data distribution, JET captures temporal continuity and transient dynamics without relying on discretized denoising schemes or domain-specific representations. To ensure that the learned dynamics remain consistent with key properties of EEG signals, we introduce principled constraints that preserve spectral structure, temporal stationarity, and signal-level statistics. Across three large-scale benchmarks, JET consistently achieves state-of-the-art performance, reducing TS-FID by over 40% compared to strong baselines. Extensive analyses show that JET captures key structural properties of neural dynamics, providing a scalable and principled approach to EEG generation. Project page: https://y-research-sbu.github.io/JET/ .
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