arXiv:2605.21553cs.LGcs.IT2026-05

让无线通信按任务需求传令牌,提升模型推理准确率。

TONIC: Token-Centric Semantic Communication for Task-Oriented Wireless Systems

论文配图:TONIC: Token-Centric Semantic Communication for Task-Oriented Wireless Systems
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 发射端根据令牌任务重要性分配保护,优先传关键信息
  • 接收端用置信度过滤不可靠预测,转为可恢复的缺失
  • 模块化设计可解释性强,适合需要可靠推理的系统

令牌正成为基础模型理解与推理时表征和处理信息的基本单元。然而,传统以比特级保真度为中心的无线通信,其可靠传输内容与下游模型实际消耗之间存在错配。这种错配要求通信设计应直接考虑令牌级别的任务相关性与下游模型需求,而非将所有传输比特视为同等重要。本文提出TONIC,一种面向任务型无线系统的令牌中心语义通信框架。发射端将每个源样本转换为令牌序列,估计令牌级任务相关性,并在固定信道使用预算下,通过效用感知的不等错误保护进行资源分配。接收端利用令牌级置信度对不可靠决策进行门控,将有害替换转化为可恢复的擦除,再由基于Transformer的补全模型恢复掩码令牌,完成最终任务推断。该框架结合了发射端语义感知保护与接收端置信度感知门控,在模块化且可解释的架构中实现,而非依赖完全黑箱的端到端学习。我们进一步建立了接收端门控规则的效用感知贝叶斯风险解释,并研究其与不等保护及补全机制的交互关系。在图像分类任务上的实验结果表明,TONIC在匹配通信预算下,于AWGN、瑞利和莱斯信道上均持续优于分立式方案、像素域DeepJSCC基线以及令牌域基线。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Tokens are becoming the basic units through which foundation models represent and process information for understanding and inference. However, traditional wireless communication, centered on bit-level fidelity, faces a mismatch between what is transmitted reliably and what downstream models actually consume. This mismatch calls for a communication design that directly accounts for token-level task relevance and downstream model requirements, rather than treating all transmitted bits as equally important. In this paper, we propose TONIC, a token-centric semantic communication framework for task-oriented wireless systems. The transmitter converts each source sample into a sequence of tokens, estimates token-level task relevance, and allocates protection through utility-aware unequal error protection under a fixed channel-use budget. At the receiver, token-level confidence is used to gate unreliable decisions, turning harmful substitutions into recoverable erasures before a Transformer-based completion model restores the masked tokens for final task inference. Our framework combines transmitter-side semantic-aware protection with receiver-side confidence-aware gating in a modular and interpretable architecture, rather than relying solely on fully black-box end-to-end learning. We further establish a utility-aware Bayes-risk interpretation for the receiver-side gating rule and study its interaction with unequal protection and completion. Experimental results on image classification show that TONIC consistently outperforms separation-based schemes, the pixel-domain DeepJSCC baseline, and token-domain baselines under matched communication budgets over AWGN, Rayleigh, and Rician channels.

语义通信令牌处理无线系统任务导向

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