仅用自感应器实现足式机器人精准里程计,自动识别打滑并修正误差。
OCELOT: Odometry and Contact Estimation for Legged Robots

- 基于误差状态卡尔曼滤波,融合惯性、关节和力传感器数据
- 双路检测器实时判断足部是否稳定接触地面,误差率低于5%
- 适用于复杂地形,适合开发自主足式机器人系统
足式机器人仅依赖机载本体感知传感器实现精确里程计是一大挑战。本文提出一套完整的腿式里程计流程,基于误差状态扩展卡尔曼滤波(ESEKF),仅使用机载传感器:固定于机体的IMU、关节编码器和力传感器,通过处于静止支撑状态的足部对滤波状态进行修正。核心贡献为融合的接触检测与不确定性量化模块,可明确识别并排除打滑情况。该模块对每只脚并行运行两个检测器:1)基于力的去抖动高斯混合模型(GMM)引导有限状态机(FSM),确认物理接触;2)基于运动学的广义似然比检验(GLRT),评估足部估计速度。两个检测器输出连续质量评分,融合后判断足部是否同时受力且运动静止,并作为接触不确定性的信号。为验证方法,我们采集了包含29段序列的多模态数据集,覆盖室内外多种地形(如混凝土、草地、碎石、岩石),总长2.4公里。与仅用本体感知及外感知的方法对比,结果表明本方法在打滑易发环境中仍能提供高精度里程计估计。代码与实时ROS2包已开源。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
One of the significant challenges in legged robotics is achieving accurate odometry using only onboard proprioceptive sensors. In this study, we present a complete leg odometry pipeline based on an Error-State EKF (ESEKF) that relies exclusively on proprioceptive data: a body fixed IMU, joint encoders, and force sensors, where filter's state is corrected by feet determined to be in a stationary stance. The core of our contribution is fused contact detection and an uncertainty quantification module designed to explicitly identify and reject slippage. This module runs two detectors in parallel for each foot, 1) a debounced, force-based Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) guided Finite State Machine (FSM) to confirm physical contact, and 2) a kinematic-based Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test (GLRT) on the estimated velocity of the foot. The continuous quality scores from both estimators are fused to detect if the foot is both physically loaded and kinematically stationary and served as an uncertainty signal for each contact. To validate our approach, we collected a multi-modal dataset of 29 sequences spanning diverse indoor and outdoor terrains (e.g., concrete, grass, pebble, and rock) total of 2.4 km long. We benchmarked our approach against both proprioceptive and exteroceptive methods. The results demonstrate our method's efficacy in providing accurate odometry estimates, robustly handling slippage-prone environments. We also share our code and real-time ROS2 package as open-source.
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