arXiv:2605.22275cs.LG2026-05被引 2

针对噪声环境下核方法的测量分配问题,提出自适应优化策略提升分类精度与效率。

Adaptive Measurement Allocation for Learning Kernelized SVMs Under Noisy Observations

论文配图:Adaptive Measurement Allocation for Learning Kernelized SVMs Under Noisy Observations
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 基于分类器敏感度与估计不确定性,构建方差感知的测量分配框架。
  • 实验表明自适应分配在合成与量子核数据上显著优于均匀分配,提升分类保真度。
  • 适用于量子机器学习等资源受限场景,支持早期停止以节省测量开销。

核方法通常假设可获得精确无噪的核矩阵,但在新兴场景中,每个核值需从噪声观测中推断,其精度取决于有限测量预算的分配方式。现有方法普遍采用均匀分配,虽均衡了估计方差,却忽略了核分类器对核矩阵各部分的非均匀依赖性。本文将噪声核估计的测量分配建模为面向任务的优化问题,针对核化支持向量机(SVM)提出一种结合分类器敏感度与估计不确定性的方差感知分配框架,导出类Neyman分配规则及适用于量子核估计的伯努利特例。进一步提出一种自适应分配策略,融合边缘敏感度与活跃集不稳定性,集中测量于对分类器最关键的核矩阵区域。理论分析揭示由分配权重异质性决定的不同分配范式,明确自适应与均匀策略的适用条件。在合成与量子核数据集上的实验验证了自适应分配在分类保真度上的优势,且通过双系数稳定性准则实现显著测量节省,支持早期停止。结果表明,自适应测量分配是学习噪声核的有效替代方案,兼具更高的预测准确率与测量效率。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Kernel methods are typically formulated under the assumption of exact, noise-free access to the Gram matrix. However, in emerging settings each kernel entry must be inferred from noisy observations, and its accuracy depends on how a limited measurement budget is allocated. Despite this, existing approaches overwhelmingly rely on uniform allocation, which equalizes estimator variance but ignores the highly non-uniform dependence of kernelized classifiers on the Gram matrix. In this work, we formulate measurement allocation for noisy kernel estimation as a task-aware optimization problem tailored to kernelized Support Vector Machines (SVMs). We derive a variance-aware allocation framework that combines classifier sensitivity with estimator uncertainty, leading to a Neyman-type allocation rule for measurement-based kernels and a Bernoulli specialization relevant to quantum kernel estimation. Building on this analysis, we develop an adaptive measurement allocation strategy that combines margin sensitivity and active set instability, concentrating measurements on the most classifier-relevant regions of the kernel matrix. Theoretical analysis reveals distinct allocation regimes governed by the heterogeneity of the induced allocation weights, identifying conditions under which adaptive or uniform strategies are preferable. Experiments on synthetic and quantum-kernel datasets demonstrate improved classifier fidelity relative to uniform allocation, while a dual coefficient stability criterion enables substantial measurement savings through early stopping. Together, these results establish adaptive measurement allocation as an effective alternative to uniform sampling for learning with noisy kernels, improving both predictive accuracy and measurement efficiency.

核方法自适应分配量子机器学习支持向量机

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