为4D高斯点云动态重建添加抗攻击水印,同时保持动作自然不闪烁。
4D-GSW: Kinematic-Aware Spatio-Temporal Consistent Watermarking for 4D Gaussian Splatting

- 基于运动轨迹物理一致性设计水印嵌入机制。
- 在多种攻击下仍能稳定识别水印,且渲染质量高。
- 适合数字版权保护与动态3D内容安全分发。
尽管4D高斯点云(4DGS)已实现高保真动态场景重建,但资产知识产权保护仍是难题。传统隐写技术忽视运动内在规律,常引发严重时间闪烁和“FVD崩溃”等非物理伪影。为此,我们提出4D-GSW,一种面向运动一致性的水印框架,在嵌入鲁棒版权信息的同时保障时空一致性。通过引入时空曲率(STC)度量识别关键动态时刻,自适应地控制水印梯度注入,以保护重要运动流形免受非物理解扰。为确保复杂形变下的全局一致性,我们构建了联合隐马尔可夫模型-随机场(HMM-MRF)能量最小化模型,同步协调时空邻域内的水印相位。此外,各向异性梯度路由机制确保水印嵌入与光照重建精度严格解耦。大量实验表明,该方法在抵御多种攻击的同时,显著提升水印鲁棒性、渲染质量和时空一致性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
While 4D Gaussian Splatting (4DGS) has revolutionized high-fidelity dynamic reconstruction, safeguarding the intellectual property of these assets remains an open challenge. Conventional steganographic techniques often neglect the underlying kinematic manifolds, triggering non-physical artifacts such as severe temporal flickering and "FVD collapse". To address this, we propose \textbf{4D-GSW}, a kinematic-aware watermarking framework designed to embed robust copyright information while preserving high spatio-temporal consistency. Unlike prior 4D steganography that primarily focuses on opacity-guided invisibility, our approach explicitly addresses the physical coherence of motion trajectories. We introduce a \textbf{Spatio-Temporal Curvature (STC)} metric to identify "Dynamic Instants," adaptively gating watermark gradient injection to shield critical motion manifolds from non-physical perturbations. To ensure global coherence across complex deformations, we formulate a joint \textbf{HMM-MRF energy minimization} model that synchronizes watermark phases within both temporal trajectories and spatial neighborhoods. Furthermore, an \textbf{anisotropic gradient routing} mechanism ensures that watermark embedding remains strictly decoupled from photometric reconstruction fidelity. Extensive experiments have demonstrated the superior performance of our method in robustly hiding watermarks while resisting various attacks and maintaining high rendering quality and spatiotemporal consistency.
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