arXiv:2605.22456cs.ROcs.AI2026-05

让大模型提前规划驾驶未来,用安全合约保障实时控制

Steins;Gate Drive: Semantic Safety Arbitration over Structured Futures for Latency-Decoupled LLM Planning

  • 大模型提前生成多种驾驶未来,由运行时按安全条件选择并复用
  • 4秒规划窗口下延迟降至-0.01秒,碰撞率保持零
  • 适合自动驾驶系统设计者,尤其关注低延迟与安全性

云端大模型驱动代理虽能提供语义判断,但推理延迟超过车辆控制周期。已有世界模型常将未来生成与动作选择耦合于大循环中。本文提出SteinsGateDrive架构,通过《命运石之门》中的“世界线”隐喻,实现延迟解耦的规划-运行时机制:大模型在最终控制时刻前预选反事实驾驶未来,运行时仅在安全契约有效期内复用该预测。生成器构建三类世界线:alpha(本车条件下的正常未来)、beta(邻近车辆交互的反事实未来)、gamma(制动、插队、通道阻塞等压力场景)。选定分支形成带时域、有效性/中止条件、回退策略和权限的类型化战略预测。在10组种子、20步的高速公路测试中,GPT-5.4 mini将有效延迟从1秒规划窗下的+3.07秒降至4秒规划窗下的-0.01秒,同时维持无碰撞安全边界。安全保障来自原子谓词运行时检查,而非漂移评分——后者仅作为刷新频率调节器。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Cloud-hosted LLM driver agents provide useful semantic judgments, but their inference latency exceeds stepwise vehicle-control windows. Learned world models predict futures, but they usually keep future generation and action selection inside large coupled loops. We present SteinsGateDrive, a latency-decoupled planner-runtime architecture in which the worldline metaphor from the eponymous story names one plausible consequence of an intervention: the LLM selects counterfactual driving futures before the final control instant, and a runtime reuses the selected forecast only while safety contracts remain valid. The generator builds three world-line roles: alpha nominal ego-conditioned futures, beta interaction counterfactuals around nearby vehicles, and gamma hazard-stress futures such as braking, cut-ins, or blocked corridors. The selected branch becomes a typed StrategicForecast with horizon, validity/abort conditions, fallback, and authority. On a within-subject, matched-seed normal-highway protocol with 10 seeds and 20 steps, GPT-5.4 mini reduces effective lag from +3.07 s at 1-second horizon to -0.01 s at 4-second horizon while preserving the measured no-collision safety boundary. The architecture's safety contribution comes from the atom-predicate runtime check, not from the drift score, which functions as a refresh-frequency knob.

自动驾驶大模型规划安全控制

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