测试大模型在办公场景中被逐步诱导执行危险操作的能力。
Boiling the Frog: A Multi-Turn Benchmark for Agentic Safety

- 设计多轮交互任务,模拟从正常操作到危险请求的渐进式攻击。
- 9个模型平均攻击成功率44.4%,部分模型超90%。
- 适合评估企业级AI代理的安全性,尤其关注长期行为风险。
传统语言模型安全评测聚焦于生成内容是否包含有害、偏见或危险指令。当模型作为智能体部署时,安全关注点应从‘说什么’转向‘做什么’。为此,本文提出Boiling the Frog基准,评估工具使用型AI模型在公司和办公环境中对渐进式攻击的脆弱性。每个场景始于良性工作区修改,随后逐步引入高风险请求。基准采用状态化多轮评估:任务链保持持续的工作区状态,将风险指令置于可控轮次位置,判断最终输出结果是否变危。场景基于三层风险分类体系:‘煮青蛙’风险模型、欧盟《人工智能法案》附件I与附件III高风险场景、以及通用型AI代码实践指南。在九个模型组成的测试集上,整体严格攻击成功率(ASR)为44.4%;各模型间差异显著,从Claude Haiku 4.5的20.5%到Gemini 3.1 Flash Lite的92.9%,Seed 2.0 Lite亦超过80%。针对‘代码实践’中失控类场景,平均链级别攻击成功率高达93.3%。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Background. Traditional safety benchmarks for language models evaluate generated text: whether a model outputs toxic language, reproduces bias, or follows harmful instructions. When models are deployed as agents, the safety-relevant object shifts from what the system says to what it does within an environment, and evaluating model responses under prompting is no longer sufficient to address the safety challenges posed by artificial intelligence. Recent developments have seen the rise of benchmarks that evaluate large language models as agents. We contribute to this strand of research. Approach. We introduce Boiling the Frog, a benchmark that evaluates whether tool-using AI models deployed in corporate and office settings are susceptible to incremental attacks. Each scenario begins with benign workspace edits and later introduces a risk-bearing request. The benchmark focuses on stateful multi-turn evaluation: chains expose a persistent workspace, place the risk-bearing payload at controlled positions in the turn sequence, and score whether the resulting artifact state becomes unsafe. Scenarios are organized through a three-level operational risk taxonomy grounded in the Boiling the Frog risks, the AI Act Annex I and Annex III high-risk contexts, and EU AI Act's Code of Practice on General-Purpose AI (GPAI). Results. Across a nine-model panel, aggregate strict attack success rate (ASR) is 44.4%. Model-level ASR ranges from 20.5% for Claude Haiku 4.5 to 92.9% for Gemini 3.1 Flash Lite, with Seed 2.0 Lite also above 80%. Average chain category-level ASR reaches 93.3% for Code of Practice loss-of-control scenarios.
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