四无人机协同采集电磁信号，实现远距离高精度芯片密钥破解模拟。
TriSweep: A Four-Drone Swarm Framework for Electromagnetic Side-Channel Analysis
- 三类无人机分工采集不同泄露信号，由主控机融合处理。
- 0.25米处模拟密钥排名18±1.7，比单机提升显著。
- 适合研究无线侧信道攻击与无人机协同系统设计者。
电磁侧信道分析传统上假设探测器静止且近距离，低估了空中威胁。TriSweep 是一个仿真框架，设计并评估了四无人机编队在 0.25–1.5 米距离下对嵌入式微控制器的自主远距电磁侧信道分析。三类空间特化采集无人机——锚定型（全频谱）、掩码探针（掩码寄存器加载泄露）、密码探针（掩码 SubBytes 输出泄露）——向静止的聚合无人机传输数据，通过相干合并（+4.8 dB SNR 增益）和中心乘积法实现二阶掩码抵消。在三个真实 ANSSI ASCAD 数据集（ATmega8515 遮蔽 AES-128 及 50/100 样本异步变体）上测试，主遮蔽数据集在 0.25 米处模拟密钥排名为 18 ± 1.7（五种子运行）。轨迹交叉相关对齐使单机排名从 89 降至 21，表明可补偿无人机悬停振动。聚合端的双通道 CNN 损失收敛至 0.454（随机基线 5.545），提升异步数据集表现。尚未制造物理硬件，下一步计划是原型搭建。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Electromagnetic (EM) side-channel analysis traditionally assumes a stationary, close-proximity probe - a threat model that underestimates aerial adversaries. TriSweep is a simulation framework that designs and evaluates a four-drone swarm architecture for autonomous standoff EM-SCA of embedded microcontrollers at 0.25-1.5 m. Three spatially specialized collector drones - Anchor (full-spectrum), Mask Probe (mask-register loading leakage), and Cipher Probe (masked SubBytes output leakage) - feed a stationary Accumulator drone that performs coherent combining (+4.8 dB SNR gain) and second-order mask cancellation via a centered product of the two spatially separated leakage streams. Evaluated against three real ANSSI ASCAD datasets (ATmega8515 masked AES-128 and 50/100-sample desynchronized variants), the framework achieves a simulated key rank of 18 +/- 1.7 (five-seed) at 0.25 m on the primary masked dataset. Profiling-trace cross-correlation alignment reduces single-drone rank from 89 to 21 on the 100-sample-jitter variant, demonstrating compensation for drone hover vibration. A two-channel CNN in the Accumulator converges to a loss of 0.454 (vs. random baseline 5.545) and improves rank on desynchronized datasets. No physical hardware has been fabricated; prototype construction is the planned next step.
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