发现生成图像频谱尾部异常抬升,提出无推理开销的检测新方法。
Spectral Tail Auxiliary Learning for AI-Generated Image Detection

- 通过分析频谱尾部特征,发现生成图像存在特定高频异常抬升现象。
- 在9个公开数据集上实现跨生成模型、分布和真实场景的强泛化性能。
- 提出轻量级辅助学习框架,训练时用频谱信息提升检测能力,推理零开销。
随着生成图像模型的快速发展,生成与真实图像之间的感知差距不断缩小,使得AI生成图像检测愈发困难。现有方法多利用频域线索进行检测,通常表现为频域伪影或高频差异,但对具体且反复出现的频谱规律理解不足。本文系统分析了真实与生成图像的一维径向对数功率谱,发现生成图像并非整体或高频段能量更高或更低,而是其谱线偏离幂律衰减,在超高频尾部出现异常抬升。我们称此现象为频谱尾部抬升。进一步分析表明,该现象源于训练中生成模型的非线性谐波累积,可作为跨架构的结构性线索。基于此,提出频谱尾部辅助学习(STAL)框架,通过频域教师将尾部特征传递给空间检测器,训练后移除所有频域模块,实现推理零开销。大量实验在9个公开数据集上验证,STAL在不同生成器、数据分布及真实场景下均表现出优异的泛化性与稳定性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
As generative image models evolve rapidly, the perceptual gap between generated and real images continues to narrow, making AI-generated image detection increasingly challenging. Many existing methods exploit frequency-domain cues for detection, typically described as frequency-domain artifacts or high-frequency discrepancies. However, the specific and recurring spectral regularities remain insufficiently understood and characterized. In this paper, we systematically analyze the one-dimensional radial log-power spectra of real and generated images. We find that generated images do not necessarily exhibit higher or lower energy across the entire spectrum or high-band range. Instead, their spectra deviate from the power-law decay and show an anomalous uplift in the ultra-high-frequency tail. We term this phenomenon spectral tail uplift. We further attribute this phenomenon to nonlinear harmonic accumulation in trained generative models, suggesting that it can serve as a structural cue across generative architectures. Based on this observation, we propose Spectral Tail Auxiliary Learning (STAL), a frequency-domain auxiliary supervision framework for generalizable AI-generated image detection. STAL transfers spectral-tail cues from a tail-aware frequency teacher to a spatial detector during training, while all frequency-domain modules are discarded at inference time. Consequently, STAL introduces no inference overhead. Extensive experiments on 9 public datasets show that STAL achieves strong generalization and stability across generators, data distributions, and real-world scenarios.
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