arXiv:2605.22834cs.CLcs.IR2026-05

根据用户查询动态切分文档,提升检索生成的准确性和连贯性。

Query-Adaptive Semantic Chunking for Retrieval-Augmented Generation: A Dynamic Strategy with Contextual Window Expansion

  • 基于查询嵌入动态识别关键句并扩展上下文窗口
  • 在200个查询上实现0.85的F1分数,优于现有方法8%-27%
  • 适合需要精准上下文召回的问答与内容生成场景

检索增强生成(RAG)系统依赖文档切块质量来获取相关上下文。固定切块方式忽略语义和用户意图,导致精度与召回率难以兼顾。现有语义或智能切块方法未在切块阶段融合用户查询。本文提出查询自适应语义切块(QASC),通过三种机制实现动态切块:利用句子与查询嵌入的余弦相似度识别种子句,围绕种子句扩展上下文窗口以保持连贯性,并对块级得分聚合确保整体相关性。我们在200个查询、100篇技术文档上评估,覆盖四种查询类型,对比了五种粒度的固定切块、递归切分、语义切块及智能切块。QASC达到0.85的F1分数,相比固定切块提升18-27%,较语义与智能切块提升8-12%。消融实验验证各组件有效性。三位标注员的人工评估显示,其生成的切块更相关且连贯(Cohen kappa = 0.82)。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems depend critically on document chunking quality for retrieving relevant context. Fixed chunking segments documents into uniform units irrespective of semantics or user intent, producing a precision-recall trade-off unresolvable by tuning chunk size alone. Semantic and agentic methods partially address these limitations but do not integrate user queries at the chunking stage. We present Query-Adaptive Semantic Chunking (QASC), which dynamically constructs chunks by integrating queries into segmentation through three mechanisms: cosine similarity scoring between sentence and query embeddings to identify seed sentences, contextual window expansion around seeds to preserve coherence, and chunk-level score aggregation to ensure holistic relevance. We evaluate QASC on 100 technical documents across 200 queries spanning four types, comparing against fixed chunking at five granularities, recursive splitting, semantic chunking, and agentic chunking. QASC achieves an F1-score of 0.85, a relative improvement of 18-27% over fixed chunking and 8-12% over semantic and agentic alternatives. Ablation studies confirm each component contributes meaningfully. Human evaluation by three annotators (Cohen kappa = 0.82) corroborates that QASC produces more relevant and coherent chunks than existing methods.

RAG文档切块查询适配生成增强

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