arXiv:2605.22991cs.RO2026-05

让机器人运动规划自动避开关节极限,确保稳定到达目标。

Verified Task-Space Motion Planning Under Joint-Space Constraints

论文配图:Verified Task-Space Motion Planning Under Joint-Space Constraints
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 通过求解半定规划,实时计算安全的运动步长范围。
  • 在94组测试中零越界、100%成功到达目标,远超传统方法。
  • 适合对安全性要求高的工业机器人路径规划场景。

反应式任务空间规划器(如Bug2)采用固定笛卡尔步长,忽略机械臂的关节角度限制。当雅可比矩阵条件不佳时,微小的笛卡尔步长可能需要超出允许范围的关节变化;强行截断关节会引发轨迹漂移,甚至导致无法抵达目标。本文提出在每一步规划中计算一个被严格证明可达的笛卡尔超矩形最大尺寸,利用逆运动学的二阶多项式近似和S-Procedure,构建小型半定规划问题,其解给出认证的半宽λ⋆。通过利用二次结构的等效二分法,可在亚毫秒内完成验证。将该认证机制集成至Bug2,使步长自适应局部运动学条件。在覆盖六种关节限值设置的94个对抗性场景中,基于平方和(SOS)验证的规划器实现零关节限值越界、100%目标达成率;而标准Bug2在6–11%步骤中越界,最多18%场景未能抵达目标。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Reactive task-space planners such as Bug2 operate with fixed Cartesian step sizes and are unaware of the manipulator's joint-angle limits. When the Jacobian is poorly conditioned, even small Cartesian steps can demand joint changes that exceed admissible bounds; clipping the joints to their limits causes tracking drift and can prevent goal reaching entirely. We address this by computing, at each planning step, the largest Cartesian hyperrectangle that is \emph{certifiably reachable} under joint displacement bounds. Using a second-order polynomial approximation of the inverse kinematics and the S-procedure, we formulate a small semidefinite program whose solution yields the certified half-width~$λ^\star$. An equivalent bisection procedure exploiting the quadratic structure solves the certification in sub-millisecond time. Integrating this certificate with Bug2 yields a planner whose step size adapts to local kinematic conditioning. In a statistical evaluation over 94 adversarial scenarios spanning six joint-limit settings, the SOS-verified planner achieves \emph{zero} joint-limit violations with a 100\% goal-reaching rate, whereas a standard Bug2 planner violates joint limits in 6--11\% of steps and fails to reach the goal in up to 18\% of scenarios.

运动规划机器人控制安全验证

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