用可重复的运动单元生成机器人轨迹,提升精度与效率。
Sparse Compositional Flow Matching by geometric assembly from motion primitives

- 直接在轨迹空间组合可复用的运动单元,避免隐空间解码。
- 通过几何约束和时序连续性优化,使运动片段自然衔接。
- 在两个数据集上显著降低误差,适合机器人路径生成任务。
具身轨迹(如机械臂、水下航行器、移动机器人的可执行运动序列)是具身人工智能的核心输出。现有生成模型常将其视为逐点生成的密集信号,难以捕捉潜在结构,且样本效率低。本文提出一种基于运动基元的稀疏组合流匹配框架:首先学习一组可复用的运动基元,每个基元自带可学习的长度掩码和起始标志;然后通过带几何约束的结构化稀疏流匹配,利用时序感知分词和可微几何损失,生成二值放置矩阵以确保相邻基元的空间连续性和时间连贯性。在 Open X-Embodiment 与 3DMoTraj 数据集上,该方法达到当前最优性能,将 FDE/ADE 比值从 1.8 降至 1.07,相比最强基线,ADE 改进 19.2%,FDE 改进 21.0%。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Embodied trajectories, such as the executable motion sequences of robotic manipulators, underwater vehicles, and mobile robots, are a fundamental output of embodied AI. Modern generative models often treat them as a dense, monolithic signal generated point by point, fitting an intricate high-dimensional posterior while leaving the data's latent structure unmodeled, the same sample inefficiency long identified by the structured generative model literature. We argue that a compositional latent structure is a natural choice: many embodied tasks share recurring motion fragments that can be made explicit as a finite repertoire of reusable motion primitives, and compositional units naturally align with subtask boundaries to support task decomposition. Existing compositional generators, however, compose in a latent space and rely on post-hoc decoding to relate sampled units to actual trajectory segments. We instead compose directly in the physical trajectory space through a flow-matching framework with two coupled designs. Motion-Primitive Dictionary Learning equips each atom with a learnable length mask and binary starting indicators so the atom itself is the primitive, reused verbatim wherever it is placed. Structural Sparse Flow Matching with Geometric Constraints then generates a binary placement matrix using duration-aware tokenization and a differentiable geometric loss that enforces spatial continuity and temporal contiguity where adjacent primitives meet. On Open X-Embodiment and 3DMoTraj, the framework attains state-of-the-art accuracy and reduces the FDE/ADE ratio from 1.8 to 1.07, improving ADE by 19.2% and FDE by 21.0% over the strongest baseline.
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