arXiv:2605.23386cs.RO2026-05

Droneulator 打造农业无人机仿真一体栈,支持真实感知与智能决策。

Droneulator: A Portable UAV Simulator for Agricultural Workflows with RotorPy and Godot 4

论文配图:Droneulator: A Portable UAV Simulator for Agricultural Workflows with RotorPy and Godot 4
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 融合 RotorPy 与 Godot 4,实现高保真飞行与视觉仿真。
  • 在三种农业任务中验证:3D 建模、避障规划、强化学习训练均稳定有效。
  • 轻量部署,适配多设备,适合农业无人机研发与算法测试。

农业无人机研究需要集成真实3D场景、高保真飞行器动力学和机器人中间件的仿真平台,同时具备跨异构设备的可部署性。我们提出 Droneulator,一个结合 RotorPy 实现多旋翼动力学、Godot 4 实现渲染与传感器生成的便携式无人机仿真架构。Droneulator 支持 PX4 控制与轻量 WebSocket 命令接口,并通过基于 Zenoh 的 ROS2 兼容管道同步发布视觉与状态流。该集成使单一系统可支持面向检测的数据采集、ROS2/PX4 本地规划及强化学习实验,无需修改仿真结构。我们在三种农业无人机工作流程中量化验证:使用 COLMAP 进行树级图像采集重建、EGO-Planner 实现树冠障碍物周围局部规划、以及自定义 Gymnasium 环境下的闭环强化学习。结果显示,系统在给定设置下可维持低延迟感知,支持不同采集密度下的重建导向数据采集,实现无碰撞树冠避障规划,并稳定支持基于深度感知的策略训练以实现障碍物感知导航。这些结果表明,Droneulator 可在一个可部署栈中支撑农业无人机的检测、规划与学习。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Agricultural UAV research requires simulators that integrate realistic 3D scenes, high-fidelity vehicle dynamics, and robotics middleware, while remaining practical to deploy across heterogeneous development machines. We present Droneulator, a portable UAV simulator architecture that combines RotorPy for multirotor dynamics with Godot 4 for rendering and sensor generation. Droneulator exposes both PX4-based control and a lightweight WebSocket command path, and publishes synchronised visual and state streams through a Zenoh-based ROS~2-compatible pipeline. This integration enables a single stack to support inspection-oriented data capture, ROS~2/PX4 local planning, and reinforcement learning experiments without modifying the simulator infrastructure. We present quantified validation of the current system across three agricultural UAV workflows: tree-scale image collection for 3D reconstruction with COLMAP, local planning around canopy obstacles using EGO-Planner, and closed-loop reinforcement learning through a custom Gymnasium environment. In the reported setup, the results show that the simulator can sustain low-latency sensing, support reconstruction-oriented data collection under varying capture density, execute collision-free local planning around canopy obstacles, and support stable depth-sensing-based policy training for obstacle-aware navigation. Together, these results show the potential of Droneulator for agricultural UAV inspection, planning, and learning within one deployable stack.

无人机仿真农业应用强化学习多旋翼建模

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