针对偏头痛分类中的严重类别不平衡问题,提出按类定制的混合数据增强方法。
Class-Dependent Hybrid Data Augmentation for Multiclass Migraine Classification under Severe Class Imbalance
- 根据每类样本量动态选择生成策略,实现类别自适应增强
- 在7种偏头痛亚型上提升宏平均F1至0.914,优于基线0.801
- 强调临床合理性与增强比例约束,适合医疗数据建模场景
我们对先前偏头痛分类研究进行了可复现性重评估,修正了数据泄露和指标偏差问题。提出了(i)基于ICHD-3 §1.2.3将两种偏瘫型合并的临床合理方案;(ii)按类别样本量分配生成方法的类依赖混合增强策略;(iii)提出保真度不对称概念,主张比例约束增长而非完全平衡。在包含400名患者、七种偏头痛亚型的数据集上,采用两阶段协议进行实验,使用分层5折交叉验证,以宏平均F1为主要指标。修正方法缺陷后,基准宏平均F1为0.71。所提框架在8个评估分类器上平均宏平均F1达0.862,优于高斯耦合(0.836)、CTGAN(0.815)及无增强基线(0.801),在比例增强下FT-Transformer取得最高0.914。无增强的FT-Transformer基线为0.896,表明临床类聚合贡献主要提升,框架的核心价值在于跨分类器的平均鲁棒性提升,凸显问题定义的关键作用。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
We conducted a reproducibility-oriented re-evaluation of prior migraine classification studies, correcting for data leakage and metric bias. We then introduced (i) a clinically motivated aggregation of two hemiplegic subtypes following ICHD-3 §1.2.3, (ii) a class-dependent hybrid augmentation strategy that assigns generation methods based on per-class sample size, and (iii) the concept of fidelity asymmetry, motivating proportionally constrained growth as an alternative to full class balance. Experiments were performed on a dataset of 400 patients across seven migraine subtypes under a two-stage protocol, including the six-class configuration described above. Models were evaluated using stratified 5-fold cross-validation with macro-averaged F1 as the primary metric. Correcting methodological flaws reduces previously inflated performance estimates, with the corrected macro-F1 baseline standing at 0.71. The proposed framework consistently outperformed individual augmenters in macro-F1 averaged across the eight evaluated classifiers (0.862 vs. 0.836 for Gaussian Copula, 0.815 for CTGAN, and 0.801 for the no-augmentation baseline), and achieved its peak result of 0.914 with FT-Transformer under proportional augmentation. The no-augmentation FT-Transformer baseline (0.896) shows that, at the per-classifier ceiling, clinically motivated class aggregation accounts for most of the absolute improvement; the framework's principal measurable contribution is the gain in average robustness across classifiers, highlighting the dominant role of problem formulation.
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