arXiv:2605.23754cs.LG2026-05

用两个AI协作生成更可靠的材料模型,一个设计一个检查物理规律。

LLM-driven design of physics-constrained constitutive models: two agents are better than one

论文配图:LLM-driven design of physics-constrained constitutive models: two agents are better than one
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 一个AI设计模型,另一个严格审查九条物理约束
  • 检查后通过率从47%提升至60%(Kimi),90%升至95%(Opus)
  • 生成模型比专家设计的还准,还能外推和泛化

传统材料本构模型需多年专业积累,而大语言模型(LLM)可按需生成,但现有单代理流程缺乏对基本物理定律的系统验证。本文提出首个多代理LLM驱动的本构模型生成框架:创作者(Creator)根据数据提出模型,审计者(Inspector)针对九项物理约束进行严格检查,发现违规即要求修正。基于两组不同LLM(Claude Opus 4.7 和 Kimi K2.5),在脑组织、橡胶(各向同性)及猪皮组织(横观各向同性,含纤维方向)上验证,通过广泛采样变形状态、旋转与扰动方向进行数值检验。引入审计者后,通过所有约束的模型比例从Opus的90%升至95%,Kimi从47%升至60%。生成模型精度媲美甚至超越专家设计模型,在训练数据外具有良好外推能力,并能适应未见载荷路径。分离生成与审查显著提升了流程可信度。该范式不依赖特定技术。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Developing constitutive models that capture how materials deform under load traditionally requires years of specialized expertise in continuum mechanics, machine learning, and scientific programming. Large language models (LLMs) have recently been shown to lower this barrier by generating constitutive models on demand, but existing single-agent pipelines lack systematic checks that the resulting models respect fundamental physical laws. To close this gap, we introduce the first multi-agent LLM-driven approach for constitutive model generation: a Creator agent proposes a model tailored to the data, while an Inspector agent critically audits each proposal against nine physical constraints and returns it for refinement whenever a violation is detected. We demonstrate this concept with constitutive artificial neural networks (CANNs) and benchmark it on brain tissue and rubber as isotropic materials, and on porcine skin tissue as a transversely isotropic material with a preferred fiber direction, using two different LLM backbones (Claude Opus 4.7 and Kimi K2.5). Whether a generated model satisfies the physical constraints is assessed numerically, by probing each constraint across a broad sample of deformation states, rotations, and perturbation directions. Adding the Inspector raises the share of exported models that pass all these checks from 90\% to 95\% for Opus and from 47\% to 60\% for Kimi. In addition, the generated models are on par with or even surpass expert-designed models in accuracy, extrapolate reliably beyond the training data, and generalize remarkably well to unseen loading paths. Separating generation from inspection thus turns LLM-driven constitutive modeling into a substantially more trustworthy process. The paradigm is deliberately technique-agnostic...

本构模型LLM物理约束多智能体

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