让机器人主动提问,持续提升协作效率
PACT: Proactive Asking for Continual Task Assistance in Human-Robot Collaboration

- 基于当前观察和历史交互,判断是否需要提问再行动
- 相比被动推理,准确率更高且提问更合理
- 适合长期人机协作场景,尤其用户习惯不明确时
在长期人机协作中,机器人需在部分观测下提供任务协助,并利用跨日交互历史。然而,初始阶段用户特征和习惯往往未知,被动推断后执行的策略效率低下。为此,本文研究跨日主动提问的持续协助设置,提出PACT(Proactive Asking for Continual Task Assistance)框架,通过评估上下文充分性决定是否寻求澄清。该框架结合实时观测与累积交互历史,使机器人逐步适应用户,提升协助可靠性。我们以强化学习实现其主要学习实例,并评估了其他同框架下的变体。为衡量行为效果,引入澄清效用指标,量化协助准确率与提问频率之间的权衡。多日具身协作实验表明,相比被动推理基线,PACT在协助准确率和澄清效用上均显著提升,凸显主动提问在持续人机协作中的重要性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Robotic assistants in long-term human-robot collaboration need to assist users under partial observations while leveraging cross-day interaction history. However, human traits and routines are often unknown at the beginning of collaboration, making passive infer-then-act assistance ineffective and inefficient. To address this challenge, we study a cross-day proactive asking setting for continual task assistance and propose PACT (Proactive Asking for Continual Task Assistance), an ask-or-act framework that determines whether clarification should be sought before taking action. PACT leverages current observations together with accumulated interaction history to evaluate contextual sufficiency, enabling the robot to provide more reliable assistance and progressively adapt to the user over time. We implement its primary learned instantiation using reinforcement learning and evaluate alternative instantiations under the same framework. To assess such behavior, we further introduce a clarification utility metric that quantifies the trade-off between assistance accuracy and the frequency of clarification requests. Experiments in multi-day embodied collaboration scenarios demonstrate that, compared with passive inference baselines, PACT consistently improves both assistance accuracy and clarification utility, highlighting the importance of proactive asking in continual human-robot collaboration.
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