arXiv:2605.24454cs.CL2026-05

通过分步拆解与参数化查询优化,提升法律问答的准确性和可验证性。

Decompose-and-Refine: Structured Legal Question Answering with Parametric Retrieval

论文配图:Decompose-and-Refine: Structured Legal Question Answering with Parametric Retrieval
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 分步拆解复杂法律问题,生成与法条对齐的参数化查询。
  • 在韩语多跳法律问答数据集上,检索准确率和答案质量均优于现有方法。
  • 支持逐项法条验证,适合需要透明推理过程的法律AI应用。

大型语言模型在法律问答(LQA)领域表现出色,但其答案必须严格基于明确的法律依据。在成文法类LQA中,许多问题需跨多个法律议题进行多跳推理,显著增加幻觉风险,因此准确检索支持性法条成为关键前提。现有方法多依赖自然语言推理或无显式查询重构的检索,未能解决用户问题与法条文本间的词汇鸿沟。为此,我们提出分解与精炼(DaR)框架,将逐步问题分解与基于参数化知识的查询精炼紧密结合。DaR将复杂法律问题逐步拆解为原子子问题,并为每个子问题生成与法条对齐的参数化查询,从而选出对应每个法律议题的核心法条。我们在基于成文法的韩语多跳LQA基准KoBLEX上,使用Qwen3-32B和Gemma3-27B进行评估,结果表明DaR在检索准确率和最终答案质量上持续优于现有方法。此外,通过显式分离子问题与对应法条,DaR实现了复杂法律推理过程的透明化、逐项可验证性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Large language models (LLMs) have shown strong performance in the legal domain, demonstrating notable potential in Legal Question Answering (LQA). However, unlike general QA, LQA requires answers that are not only accurate but also rigorously grounded in explicit legal authority. In statutory LQA, many questions require multi-hop reasoning across multiple legal issues, substantially increasing the risk of hallucination, thereby making accurate retrieval of supporting statutory provisions a critical prerequisite. Despite recent progress in multi-hop QA, existing approaches often rely on reasoning in natural language or retrieval without explicit query reformulation, leaving the vocabulary gap between user questions and statutory text largely unaddressed. To address this challenge, we propose Decompose-and-Refine (DaR), a statute-grounded LQA framework that tightly integrates step-wise question decomposition with parametric knowledge-based query refinement. DaR progressively decomposes a complex legal question into atomic sub-questions and generates statute-aligned parametric queries for each sub-question, enabling the selection of a single most central statutory provision corresponding to each legal issue. We evaluate DaR on KoBLEX, a Korean multi-hop LQA benchmark grounded in statutory law, using Qwen3-32B and Gemma3-27B. Experimental results demonstrate that DaR consistently improves both retrieval accuracy and final answer quality over existing approaches. Moreover, by explicitly separating sub-questions and their corresponding statutory provisions, DaR facilitates transparent, issue-level verification of complex legal reasoning processes.

法律问答多跳推理参数化检索

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