对比不同激光雷达配置,找出道路感知最优性价比方案。
MR-LiDAR: A Multi-Resolution Roadside LiDAR Benchmark for Perception Diagnostics and Deployment Guidance
- 在相同场景下测试16至128束激光雷达,控制变量分析性能差异。
- 80束优化分布雷达可媲美甚至超过128束均匀分布雷达。
- 为道路感知系统提供选型参考与部署指导,适合智能交通开发者。
激光雷达型号选择是道路感知系统中的关键问题,直接影响感知能力与部署成本。然而,缺乏针对不同激光雷达配置的实证基准,严重制约了科学传感器选型与部署规划。为此,我们提出MR-LiDAR,一个用于道路感知诊断的可控多分辨率激光雷达基准。在相同道路场景中,使用16、32、80和128束激光雷达采集点云数据及真实标注,涵盖车辆与易受伤害道路使用者(VRUs),覆盖不同距离下的多样交通参与者。该设计将激光雷达固有参数(尤其是束数与束分布)作为核心变量,实现精准性能诊断。基于此,我们系统分析束数、束分布、目标距离、物体类别及车辆遮挡对感知性能的影响。结果表明,这些因素均具显著影响。尤其值得注意的是,与普遍认为高束数必然更优的观点相反,我们发现80束且束分布优化的雷达可达到甚至超越128束均匀分布雷达的性能。此外,我们还提供实用选型指南,包括目标点云数量统计与两种主流检测算法的性能对比。本工作为道路感知应用中低成本高效激光雷达配置提供了诊断基准与实践指导。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
LiDAR model selection is a critical issue in roadside sensing systems, as it directly determines both perception capability and deployment cost. However, the lack of empirical benchmarks for comparing perception performance across different LiDAR configurations has greatly constrained scientific sensor selection and deployment planning. To address this gap, we present MR-LiDAR, a controlled multi-resolution LiDAR benchmark for roadside perception diagnostics. Using 16-, 32-, 80-, and 128-beam LiDARs in identical roadside scenarios, we collect point clouds and ground-truth annotations for diverse traffic participants, including vehicles and vulnerable road users (VRUs), across varying distances. This controlled design isolates intrinsic LiDAR specifications, particularly beam count and beam distribution, as the key variables for precise performance diagnostics. Based on MR-LiDAR, we conduct systematic empirical analyses to examine how beam count, beam distribution, target distance, object category, and vehicle occlusion affect LiDAR perception performance. The results reveal that all of these factors have substantial impacts. In particular, contrary to the common assumption that higher beam counts always yield better perception, we show that an 80-beam LiDAR with optimized beam distribution can match or even outperform a 128-beam LiDAR with uniform beam distribution. In addition, we provide a practical reference guide for LiDAR selection, including target point-count statistics and detection performance comparisons based on two widely used detection algorithms. This work offers a diagnostic benchmark and practical guidance for determining cost-effective LiDAR configurations in roadside perception applications.
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