用大模型代理重构制造系统的协调认知层，实现第五次工业范式转型。
Agent Manufacturing: Foundation-Model Agents as First-Class Industrial Entities
- 以大模型代理作为核心协调者，自主理解目标、规划长程任务、调用工具与人机协同
- 首次明确定义Agent Manufacturing为可验证的制造范式，区别于传统封闭协议多智能体系统
- 适合关注工业智能化、自主系统设计的工程与研究团队
制造历经机械化、电气化、可编程自动化和智能制造四个阶段，每次变革都将人类工作转移至机器。但每一轮变革中，生产协调认知——包括解读、分配、诊断、协商与治理——始终由工程师、计划员和运营经理承担。本文提出，当前正经历第五次转型：大模型驱动的自主代理将主要重构这一协调认知层。我们定义此新范式为Agent Manufacturing，其操作性标准为：制造系统的核心协调机制由能够理解开放式目标、进行长程规划、调用工具与机器、与其他代理及人类协商的大模型代理完成。该定义比现有认知制造或工业5.0文献更精确且可证伪，并与传统多智能体系统（仅在封闭协议空间内自治）形成鲜明区分。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Manufacturing has passed through four widely recognized paradigms - mechanization, electrification, programmable automation, and Smart Manufacturing - each defined by the kind of work it shifted from humans to machines. In every case, one layer of industrial work remained fundamentally human: the coordinative cognition of production, comprising the interpretive, allocative, diagnostic, negotiative, and governance work exercised by engineers, planners, and operational managers. We argue that a fifth transition is now underway in which this layer, rather than the physical or routine-cognitive layers below it, is what foundation-model-based autonomous agents primarily redistribute. We name this paradigm Agent Manufacturing and define it operationally: a manufacturing system is an instance of Agent Manufacturing when its principal coordination mechanism is reasoning performed by foundation-model agents that can interpret open-ended goals, plan over long horizons, invoke tools and machines, and negotiate with other agents and humans. This is a narrower and more falsifiable definition than the existing literature on cognitive manufacturing or Industry 5.0 provides, and it distinguishes the paradigm sharply from classical multi-agent manufacturing systems, which were autonomous only within closed protocol spaces.
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